doi: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101191.
Online ahead of print.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae: re-emergence and beyond
Collaborators,
Affiliations
Collaborators
-
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections (ESGMAC) Mycoplasma pneumoniae Surveillance (MAPS) study group:
Semjon Sidorov 2 , Sabine Pereyre 3 , Marie Gardette 4 , Adrien Fischer 5 , Noémie Wagner 6 , Baptiste Lemaire 7 , Alessandra Vitale 8 , Gilbert Greub 9 , René Brouillet 10 , Onya Opota 11 , Petra Zimmermann 12 , Philipp Ka Agyeman 13 , Christoph Aebi 14 , Michael Buettcher 15 , Irena Mitrović 16 , Marisa Hostettler 17 , Valeria Gaia 18 , Lisa Kottanattu 19 , Marco Bongiovanni 20 , Frank Imkamp 21 , Adrian Egli 22 , Christoph Berger 23 , Ester Osuna 24 , Elena Robinson 25 , Benjamin Preiswerk 26 , Adrian Schibli 27 , Silvio D Brugger 28 , Diego Gil Cordeiro 29 , Anita Niederer-Loher 30 , Günter Dollenmaier 31 , Florence Barbey 32 , Branislav Ivan 33 , Peter M Keller 34 , Ulrich Heininger 35 , Sarah Tschudin-Sutter 36 , Sören L Becker 37 , Cihan Papan 38 , Nina Bühler 39 , Johannes Forster 40 , Birgit Henrich 41 , Colin R MacKenzie 42 , Malik Aydin 43 , Roger Dumke 44 , Claire Brugerolles 45 , Nathalie Bossuyt 46 , Veerle Matheeussen 47 , Mireille van Westreenen 48 , Marius Vogel 49 , Steven Fl van Lelyveld 50 , Dennis Souverein 51 , Jayant Kalpoe 52 , Sjoerd M Euser 53 , Marco Goeijenbier 54 , Dominic Snijders 55 , Jacky Flipse 56 , Theun de Groot 57 , Maarten Heuvelmans 58 , Baharak Afshar 59 , Sendurann Nadarajah 60 , Rebecca Thombre 61 , Anna Lewis 62 , Hannah Bransbury-Beare 63 , Kay-Dee Hosten-Sandy 64 , Kanchanamala Gunasekara 65 , Nita Doshi 66 , Jessica Leverton 67 , Panoraia Kalapotharakou 68 , Catherine Moore 69 , Tim Jones 70 , Jonathan Evans 71 , Hollie Milton 72 , Charlotte Dixon 73 , Helen Gadegaard 74 , Naoma William 75 , Josie Evans 76 , Stefanie Wilson 77 , Rory Gunson 78 , Pamela Saunders 79 , Hanne-Dorthe Emborg 80 , Karolina Gullsby 81 , Miia Laine 82 , Ville Peltola 83 , Henrik Døllner 84 , Frode Width Gran 85 , Andreas Christensen 86 , Alberto Rizzo 87 , Alessandra Lombardi 88 , Davide Mileto 89 , Daniele Dona 90 , Giulia Brigadoi 91 , Sara Rossin 92 , Silvia Bressan 93 , Claudia Del Vecchio 94 , Elisa Franchin 95 , Marilena La Sorda 96 , Danilo Buonsenso 97 , Antonio Mastroianni 98 , Sonia Greco 99 , Fernanda Mp Rodrigues 100 , Inês Taborda 101 , Jorge Rodrigues 102 , Margarida Farinha 103 , Federico Martinón-Torres 104 , Ana Dacosta-Urbieta 105 , Gema Barbeito-Castiñeiras 106 , Darja Keše 107 , Marija Gužvinec 108 , Goran Tešović 109 , Diana Didović 110 , Arjana Tambić Andrašević 111 , Eleni Kalogera 112 , Evangelia Petridou 113 , Ioannis Kopsidas 114 , Hila Elinav 115 , Ayelet Gayego 116 , Astghik Baghdasaryan 117 , Vardik Amirkhanyan 118 , Araksya Grigoryan 119 , Adong Shen 120 , Jing Bi 121 , Pei Wang 122 , Kunling Shen 123 , Yulei Wang 124 , Wenjian Wang 125 , Qian Hu 126 , Xiaojuan Luo 127 , Zhengrong Chen 128 , Ki Wook Yun 129 , Hyunju Lee 130 , Eun Hwa Choi 131 , Mi Seon Han 132 , Seung Ha Song 133 , Tomohiro Oishi 134 , Sae Aoki 135 , Takeshi Saraya 136 , Tsutomu Yamazaki 137 , Yu-Chia Hsieh 138 , Tsung-Hua Wu 139 , Liat Hui Loo 140 , Bilal Ahmad Rahimi 141 , Manish Sadarangani 142 , David Goldfarb 143 , Larry K Kociolek 144 , Robin Patel 145 , Kami D Kies 146 , Jill Mainella 147 , Jessica Kapinos 148 , Lilliam Ambroggio 149 , Kelly Pearce 150 , Sam Dominguez 151 , Nadia Maria Rodriguez 152 , Cristian Perez-Corrales 153 , Christopher Mairena-Acuña 154 , Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez 155 , Gabriela Ivankovich-Escoto 156 , David Lorenz 157 , Matthew R Blakiston 158 , Simon Cottrell 159 , Tsuyoshi Kenri 160 , Matthias Maiwald 161 , Ran Nir-Paz 162 , Cécile Bébéar 163 , Annemarie Mc van Rossum 164 , Søren Anker Uldum 165 , Xu-Sheng Zhang 166 , Michael L Beeton 167
Affiliations
- 1 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 30, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: patrick.meyersauteur@kispi.uzh.ch.
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: semjon.sidorov@kispi.uzh.ch.
- 3 Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Center for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: sabine.pereyre@u-bordeaux.fr.
- 4 Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Center for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: marie.gardette@chu-bordeaux.fr.
- 5 Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: adrien.fischer@hug.ch.
- 6 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: noemie.wagner@hug.ch.
- 7 Laboratories, Clinique de La Source, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: b.lemaire@lasource.ch.
- 8 Laboratories, Clinique de La Source, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: a.vitale@lasource.ch.
- 9 Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: gilbert.greub@chuv.ch.
- 10 Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: rene.brouillet@chuv.ch.
- 11 Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: onya.opota@chuv.ch.
- 12 Department of Pediatrics, Fribourg Hospital and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: petra.zimmermann@unifr.ch.
- 13 Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: philipp.agyeman@insel.ch.
- 14 Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: christoph.aebi@insel.ch.
- 15 Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Central Switzerland, Lucerne, Switzerland. Electronic address: michael.buettcher@luks.ch.
- 16 Medical Microbiology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland. Electronic address: irena.mitrovic@luks.ch.
- 17 Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Central Switzerland, Lucerne, Switzerland. Electronic address: marisa.hostettler@luks.ch.
- 18 Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland. Electronic address: valeria.gaia@eoc.ch.
- 19 Institute of Pediatrics of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland. Electronic address: lisa.kottanattu@eoc.ch.
- 20 Division of Infectious Diseases, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland. Electronic address: marco.bongiovanni@eoc.ch.
- 21 Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: imkamp@imm.uzh.ch.
- 22 Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: aegli@imm.uzh.ch.
- 23 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: christoph.berger@kispi.uzh.ch.
- 24 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: ester.osuna@kispi.uzh.ch.
- 25 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: elena.robinson@kispi.uzh.ch.
- 26 Department of Infectious Diseases, Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: benjamin.preiswerk@stadtspital.ch.
- 27 Department of Infectious Diseases, Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: adrian.schibli@stadtspital.ch.
- 28 Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: silvio.brugger@usz.ch.
- 29 Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: diego.gilcordeiro@usz.ch.
- 30 Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland. Electronic address: anita.niederer@kispisg.ch.
- 31 Center for Laboratory Medicine, St. Gallen, Switzerland. Electronic address: guenter.dollenmaier@zlmsg.ch.
- 32 Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Switzerland. Electronic address: florence.barbey@ksa.ch.
- 33 Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: branislav.ivan@usb.ch.
- 34 Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: petermichael.keller@usb.ch.
- 35 Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Switzerland. Electronic address: ulrich.heininger@ukbb.ch.
- 36 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: sarah.tschudin@usb.ch.
- 37 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. Electronic address: soeren.becker@uks.eu.
- 38 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. Electronic address: cihan.papan@ukbonn.de.
- 39 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. Electronic address: nina.buehler@uks.eu.
- 40 Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: johannes.forster1@uni-wuerzburg.de.
- 41 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: birgit.henrich@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
- 42 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: colin.mackenzie@hhu.de.
- 43 Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. Electronic address: malik.aydin@uni-wh.de.
- 44 TU Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: roger.dumke@ukdd.de.
- 45 Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: claire.brugerolles@sciensano.be.
- 46 Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: nathalie.bossuyt@sciensano.be.
- 47 Department of Microbiology, Belgian National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. Electronic address: veerle.matheeussen@uza.be.
- 48 Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.vanwestreenen@erasmusmc.nl.
- 49 Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: marius.vogel@erasmusmc.nl.
- 50 Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.van.lelyveld@spaarnegasthuis.nl.
- 51 Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.souverein@streeklabhaarlem.nl.
- 52 Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.kalpoe@streeklabhaarlem.nl.
- 53 Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.euser@streeklabhaarlem.nl.
- 54 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mgoeijenbier@spaarnegasthuis.nl.
- 55 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Electronic address: dsnijders@spaarnegasthuis.nl.
- 56 Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Dicoon, Elst, the Netherlands. Electronic address: jacky.flipse@dicoon.nl.
- 57 Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Dicoon, Elst, The Netherlands. Electronic address: theun.degroot@dicoon.nl.
- 58 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mheuvelmans@zgv.nl.
- 59 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: baharak.afshar@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 60 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: sendurann.nadarajah@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 61 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: rebecca.thombre@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 62 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: anna.lewis@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 63 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: hannah.bransburybeare@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 64 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: kaydee.hostensandy@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 65 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: kanchana.gunasekara@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 66 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: nita.doshi@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 67 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jessica.leverton@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 68 Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Panoraia.Kalapotharakou@wales.nhs.uk.
- 69 Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: catherine.moore2@wales.nhs.uk.
- 70 Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: tim.jones2@wales.nhs.uk.
- 71 Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jonathan.evans4@wales.nhs.uk.
- 72 Microbiology and Infection Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: st20195798@outlook.cardiffmet.ac.uk.
- 73 Microbiology and Infection Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: cdixon@cardiffmet.ac.uk.
- 74 Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: helen.gadegaard@phs.scot.
- 75 Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: naoma.william@phs.scot.
- 76 Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: josie.evans@phs.scot.
- 77 Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: stefanie.wilson3@phs.scot.
- 78 West of Scotland Specialist Virology Service, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: rory.gunson@nhs.scot.
- 79 West of Scotland Specialist Virology Service, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: pamela.saunders@nhs.scot.
- 80 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: HDE@ssi.dk.
- 81 Center for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden. Electronic address: karolina.gullsby@regiongavleborg.se.
- 82 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: miia.laine@tyks.fi.
- 83 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: vilpel@utu.fi.
- 84 Children's Department, St. Olavs Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: henrik.dollner@ntnu.no.
- 85 Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: frode.width.gran@stolav.no.
- 86 Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: andreas.christensen@stolav.no.
- 87 Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: rizzo.alberto@asst-fbf-sacco.it.
- 88 Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: alessandra.lombardi@asst-fbf-sacco.it.
- 89 Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: mileto.davide@asst-fbf-sacco.it.
- 90 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy. Electronic address: daniele.dona@unipd.it.
- 91 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: giulia.brigadoi@gmail.com.
- 92 Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: sara.rossin@aopd.veneto.it.
- 93 Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: silvia.bressan.1@unipd.it.
- 94 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, and Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Italy. Electronic address: claudia.delvecchio@unipd.it.
- 95 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, and Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Italy. Electronic address: elisa.franchin@unipd.it.
- 96 Department of Laboratory and Infectious Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: marilena.lasorda@policlinicogemelli.it.
- 97 Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: danilobuonsenso@gmail.com.
- 98 Annunziata Hub Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy. Electronic address: antoniomastroianni@yahoo.it.
- 99 Annunziata Hub Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy. Electronic address: grecosonia1976@gmail.com.
- 100 Paediatric Emergency Service and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: rodriguesfmp@gmail.com.
- 101 Paediatric Emergency Service and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: inestaborda95@gmail.com.
- 102 Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) Viseu Dão-Lafões, Viseu, Portugal. Electronic address: jorgefcrodrigues@gmail.com.
- 103 Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) Viseu Dão-Lafões, Viseu, Portugal. Electronic address: mmfarinha@hotmail.com.
- 104 Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario de Santiago and University of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: federico.martinon.torres@sergas.es.
- 105 Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario de Santiago and University of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: ana.dacosta.urbieta@sergas.es.
- 106 Microbiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. Electronic address: gema.barbeito.castineiras@sergas.es.
- 107 Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: darja.kese@mf.uni-lj.si.
- 108 Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: mguzvine@bfm.hr.
- 109 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: gtesovic@bfm.hr.
- 110 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: ddidovic@bfm.hr.
- 111 Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: atambic@bfm.hr.
- 112 Microbiology Department, "Agia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: kalogerael@yahoo.gr.
- 113 Microbiology Department, "Agia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: evipetridou@yahoo.gr.
- 114 Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Athens, Greece. Electronic address: j.kopsidas@cleoresearch.org.
- 115 Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: hila.elinav@gmail.com.
- 116 Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: ayeletg@hadassah.org.il.
- 117 Arabkir Medical Centre, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health (Arabkir MC-ICAH), Yerevan, Armenia. Electronic address: astghikbag@yahoo.com.
- 118 Arabkir Medical Centre, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health (Arabkir MC-ICAH), Yerevan, Armenia. Electronic address: vardiamirkhanyan74@gmail.com.
- 119 Blood Cells Laboratories, Arabkir, Yerevan, Armenia. Electronic address: drgrigoryan81@gmail.com.
- 120 Hebei Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Pathogenesis and Precise Diagnosis and Treatment, Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China. Electronic address: 13370115087@163.com.
- 121 Hebei Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Pathogenesis and Precise Diagnosis and Treatment in Children, Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Baoding, Hebei, China. Electronic address: hbbdbj@126.com.
- 122 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei, China. Electronic address: peiwwien@outlook.com.
- 123 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: kunlingshen1717@163.com.
- 124 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: wangyulei1129@126.com.
- 125 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: wwjxx@126.com.
- 126 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: 15986669718@163.com.
- 127 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: luoxiaojuan1983@126.com.
- 128 Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Electronic address: chenzhengrong@suda.edu.cn.
- 129 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: pedwilly@snu.ac.kr.
- 130 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hyunjulee@snu.ac.kr.
- 131 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: eunchoi@snu.ac.kr.
- 132 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mshanpid@gmail.com.
- 133 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: seungha.ped@gmail.com.
- 134 Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan. Electronic address: oo0612@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp.
- 135 Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: sae-aoki@niid.go.jp.
- 136 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka City, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: saraya@ks.kyorin-u.ac.jp.
- 137 Wakaba Children's Clinic, Saitama, Japan. Electronic address: tochaben@gray.plala.or.jp.
- 138 Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: yuchiahsieh@gmail.com.
- 139 Department of Pediatrics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. Electronic address: pedcutegainer@gmail.com.
- 140 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address: loo.liat.hui@kkh.com.sg.
- 141 Faculty of Medicine, Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan. Electronic address: drbilal77@yahoo.com.
- 142 Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: msadarangani@bcchr.ubc.ca.
- 143 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. Electronic address: david.goldfarb@cw.bc.ca.
- 144 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA. Electronic address: lkociolek@luriechildrens.org.
- 145 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: patel.robin@mayo.edu.
- 146 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: kies.kami@mayo.edu.
- 147 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: mainella.jill@mayo.edu.
- 148 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: kapinos.jessica@mayo.edu.
- 149 Sections of Emergency Medicine and Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Electronic address: lilliam.ambroggio@cuanschutz.edu.
- 150 Children's Hospital Colorado, USA. Electronic address: kelly.pearce@cuanschutz.edu.
- 151 Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Section of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA. Electronic address: samuel.dominguez@cuanschutz.edu.
- 152 Center for Research, Diagnosis and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba. Electronic address: nadia@ipk.sld.cu.
- 153 División de Microbiología, Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS); San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: crisper78@gmail.com.
- 154 División de Microbiología, Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS); San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: cmairena@ccss.sa.cr.
- 155 Servicio de Aislamiento Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS); San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: rolandoug@gmail.com.
- 156 Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS); San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: givankovich@gmail.com.
- 157 Division of Microbiology, SydPath St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: david.lorenz@svha.org.au.
- 158 LabPlus, Health NZ - Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: MattBl@adhb.govt.nz.
- 159 Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: simon.cottrell@wales.nhs.uk.
- 160 Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kenri@niid.go.jp.
- 161 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. Electronic address: matthias.maiwald@singhealth.com.sg.
- 162 Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: nirpaz@hadassah.org.il.
- 163 Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Center for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: cecile.bebear@u-bordeaux.fr.
- 164 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.vanrossum@erasmusmc.nl.
- 165 Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: SU@ssi.dk.
- 166 Statistics, Modelling and Economics, Data, Analytics and Surveillance, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK. Electronic address: xu-sheng.zhang@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 167 Microbiology and Infection Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mbeeton@cardiffmet.ac.uk.
- PMID: 40683283
- DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101191
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae: re-emergence and beyond
Patrick M Meyer Sauteur et al.
Lancet Microbe.
.
Free article
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doi: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101191.
Online ahead of print.
Authors
Collaborators
-
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections (ESGMAC) Mycoplasma pneumoniae Surveillance (MAPS) study group:
Semjon Sidorov 2 , Sabine Pereyre 3 , Marie Gardette 4 , Adrien Fischer 5 , Noémie Wagner 6 , Baptiste Lemaire 7 , Alessandra Vitale 8 , Gilbert Greub 9 , René Brouillet 10 , Onya Opota 11 , Petra Zimmermann 12 , Philipp Ka Agyeman 13 , Christoph Aebi 14 , Michael Buettcher 15 , Irena Mitrović 16 , Marisa Hostettler 17 , Valeria Gaia 18 , Lisa Kottanattu 19 , Marco Bongiovanni 20 , Frank Imkamp 21 , Adrian Egli 22 , Christoph Berger 23 , Ester Osuna 24 , Elena Robinson 25 , Benjamin Preiswerk 26 , Adrian Schibli 27 , Silvio D Brugger 28 , Diego Gil Cordeiro 29 , Anita Niederer-Loher 30 , Günter Dollenmaier 31 , Florence Barbey 32 , Branislav Ivan 33 , Peter M Keller 34 , Ulrich Heininger 35 , Sarah Tschudin-Sutter 36 , Sören L Becker 37 , Cihan Papan 38 , Nina Bühler 39 , Johannes Forster 40 , Birgit Henrich 41 , Colin R MacKenzie 42 , Malik Aydin 43 , Roger Dumke 44 , Claire Brugerolles 45 , Nathalie Bossuyt 46 , Veerle Matheeussen 47 , Mireille van Westreenen 48 , Marius Vogel 49 , Steven Fl van Lelyveld 50 , Dennis Souverein 51 , Jayant Kalpoe 52 , Sjoerd M Euser 53 , Marco Goeijenbier 54 , Dominic Snijders 55 , Jacky Flipse 56 , Theun de Groot 57 , Maarten Heuvelmans 58 , Baharak Afshar 59 , Sendurann Nadarajah 60 , Rebecca Thombre 61 , Anna Lewis 62 , Hannah Bransbury-Beare 63 , Kay-Dee Hosten-Sandy 64 , Kanchanamala Gunasekara 65 , Nita Doshi 66 , Jessica Leverton 67 , Panoraia Kalapotharakou 68 , Catherine Moore 69 , Tim Jones 70 , Jonathan Evans 71 , Hollie Milton 72 , Charlotte Dixon 73 , Helen Gadegaard 74 , Naoma William 75 , Josie Evans 76 , Stefanie Wilson 77 , Rory Gunson 78 , Pamela Saunders 79 , Hanne-Dorthe Emborg 80 , Karolina Gullsby 81 , Miia Laine 82 , Ville Peltola 83 , Henrik Døllner 84 , Frode Width Gran 85 , Andreas Christensen 86 , Alberto Rizzo 87 , Alessandra Lombardi 88 , Davide Mileto 89 , Daniele Dona 90 , Giulia Brigadoi 91 , Sara Rossin 92 , Silvia Bressan 93 , Claudia Del Vecchio 94 , Elisa Franchin 95 , Marilena La Sorda 96 , Danilo Buonsenso 97 , Antonio Mastroianni 98 , Sonia Greco 99 , Fernanda Mp Rodrigues 100 , Inês Taborda 101 , Jorge Rodrigues 102 , Margarida Farinha 103 , Federico Martinón-Torres 104 , Ana Dacosta-Urbieta 105 , Gema Barbeito-Castiñeiras 106 , Darja Keše 107 , Marija Gužvinec 108 , Goran Tešović 109 , Diana Didović 110 , Arjana Tambić Andrašević 111 , Eleni Kalogera 112 , Evangelia Petridou 113 , Ioannis Kopsidas 114 , Hila Elinav 115 , Ayelet Gayego 116 , Astghik Baghdasaryan 117 , Vardik Amirkhanyan 118 , Araksya Grigoryan 119 , Adong Shen 120 , Jing Bi 121 , Pei Wang 122 , Kunling Shen 123 , Yulei Wang 124 , Wenjian Wang 125 , Qian Hu 126 , Xiaojuan Luo 127 , Zhengrong Chen 128 , Ki Wook Yun 129 , Hyunju Lee 130 , Eun Hwa Choi 131 , Mi Seon Han 132 , Seung Ha Song 133 , Tomohiro Oishi 134 , Sae Aoki 135 , Takeshi Saraya 136 , Tsutomu Yamazaki 137 , Yu-Chia Hsieh 138 , Tsung-Hua Wu 139 , Liat Hui Loo 140 , Bilal Ahmad Rahimi 141 , Manish Sadarangani 142 , David Goldfarb 143 , Larry K Kociolek 144 , Robin Patel 145 , Kami D Kies 146 , Jill Mainella 147 , Jessica Kapinos 148 , Lilliam Ambroggio 149 , Kelly Pearce 150 , Sam Dominguez 151 , Nadia Maria Rodriguez 152 , Cristian Perez-Corrales 153 , Christopher Mairena-Acuña 154 , Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez 155 , Gabriela Ivankovich-Escoto 156 , David Lorenz 157 , Matthew R Blakiston 158 , Simon Cottrell 159 , Tsuyoshi Kenri 160 , Matthias Maiwald 161 , Ran Nir-Paz 162 , Cécile Bébéar 163 , Annemarie Mc van Rossum 164 , Søren Anker Uldum 165 , Xu-Sheng Zhang 166 , Michael L Beeton 167
Affiliations
- 1 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 30, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: patrick.meyersauteur@kispi.uzh.ch.
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: semjon.sidorov@kispi.uzh.ch.
- 3 Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Center for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: sabine.pereyre@u-bordeaux.fr.
- 4 Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Center for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: marie.gardette@chu-bordeaux.fr.
- 5 Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: adrien.fischer@hug.ch.
- 6 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: noemie.wagner@hug.ch.
- 7 Laboratories, Clinique de La Source, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: b.lemaire@lasource.ch.
- 8 Laboratories, Clinique de La Source, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: a.vitale@lasource.ch.
- 9 Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: gilbert.greub@chuv.ch.
- 10 Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: rene.brouillet@chuv.ch.
- 11 Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: onya.opota@chuv.ch.
- 12 Department of Pediatrics, Fribourg Hospital and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: petra.zimmermann@unifr.ch.
- 13 Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: philipp.agyeman@insel.ch.
- 14 Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: christoph.aebi@insel.ch.
- 15 Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Central Switzerland, Lucerne, Switzerland. Electronic address: michael.buettcher@luks.ch.
- 16 Medical Microbiology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland. Electronic address: irena.mitrovic@luks.ch.
- 17 Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital of Central Switzerland, Lucerne, Switzerland. Electronic address: marisa.hostettler@luks.ch.
- 18 Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland. Electronic address: valeria.gaia@eoc.ch.
- 19 Institute of Pediatrics of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland. Electronic address: lisa.kottanattu@eoc.ch.
- 20 Division of Infectious Diseases, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland. Electronic address: marco.bongiovanni@eoc.ch.
- 21 Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: imkamp@imm.uzh.ch.
- 22 Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: aegli@imm.uzh.ch.
- 23 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: christoph.berger@kispi.uzh.ch.
- 24 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: ester.osuna@kispi.uzh.ch.
- 25 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: elena.robinson@kispi.uzh.ch.
- 26 Department of Infectious Diseases, Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: benjamin.preiswerk@stadtspital.ch.
- 27 Department of Infectious Diseases, Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: adrian.schibli@stadtspital.ch.
- 28 Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: silvio.brugger@usz.ch.
- 29 Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: diego.gilcordeiro@usz.ch.
- 30 Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland. Electronic address: anita.niederer@kispisg.ch.
- 31 Center for Laboratory Medicine, St. Gallen, Switzerland. Electronic address: guenter.dollenmaier@zlmsg.ch.
- 32 Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Switzerland. Electronic address: florence.barbey@ksa.ch.
- 33 Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: branislav.ivan@usb.ch.
- 34 Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: petermichael.keller@usb.ch.
- 35 Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Switzerland. Electronic address: ulrich.heininger@ukbb.ch.
- 36 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: sarah.tschudin@usb.ch.
- 37 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. Electronic address: soeren.becker@uks.eu.
- 38 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. Electronic address: cihan.papan@ukbonn.de.
- 39 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. Electronic address: nina.buehler@uks.eu.
- 40 Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: johannes.forster1@uni-wuerzburg.de.
- 41 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: birgit.henrich@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
- 42 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: colin.mackenzie@hhu.de.
- 43 Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. Electronic address: malik.aydin@uni-wh.de.
- 44 TU Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: roger.dumke@ukdd.de.
- 45 Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: claire.brugerolles@sciensano.be.
- 46 Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: nathalie.bossuyt@sciensano.be.
- 47 Department of Microbiology, Belgian National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. Electronic address: veerle.matheeussen@uza.be.
- 48 Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.vanwestreenen@erasmusmc.nl.
- 49 Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: marius.vogel@erasmusmc.nl.
- 50 Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.van.lelyveld@spaarnegasthuis.nl.
- 51 Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.souverein@streeklabhaarlem.nl.
- 52 Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.kalpoe@streeklabhaarlem.nl.
- 53 Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.euser@streeklabhaarlem.nl.
- 54 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mgoeijenbier@spaarnegasthuis.nl.
- 55 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Electronic address: dsnijders@spaarnegasthuis.nl.
- 56 Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Dicoon, Elst, the Netherlands. Electronic address: jacky.flipse@dicoon.nl.
- 57 Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Dicoon, Elst, The Netherlands. Electronic address: theun.degroot@dicoon.nl.
- 58 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mheuvelmans@zgv.nl.
- 59 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: baharak.afshar@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 60 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: sendurann.nadarajah@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 61 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: rebecca.thombre@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 62 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: anna.lewis@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 63 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: hannah.bransburybeare@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 64 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: kaydee.hostensandy@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 65 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: kanchana.gunasekara@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 66 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: nita.doshi@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 67 Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit (RVPBRU), UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jessica.leverton@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 68 Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Panoraia.Kalapotharakou@wales.nhs.uk.
- 69 Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: catherine.moore2@wales.nhs.uk.
- 70 Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: tim.jones2@wales.nhs.uk.
- 71 Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jonathan.evans4@wales.nhs.uk.
- 72 Microbiology and Infection Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: st20195798@outlook.cardiffmet.ac.uk.
- 73 Microbiology and Infection Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: cdixon@cardiffmet.ac.uk.
- 74 Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: helen.gadegaard@phs.scot.
- 75 Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: naoma.william@phs.scot.
- 76 Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: josie.evans@phs.scot.
- 77 Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: stefanie.wilson3@phs.scot.
- 78 West of Scotland Specialist Virology Service, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: rory.gunson@nhs.scot.
- 79 West of Scotland Specialist Virology Service, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: pamela.saunders@nhs.scot.
- 80 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: HDE@ssi.dk.
- 81 Center for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden. Electronic address: karolina.gullsby@regiongavleborg.se.
- 82 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: miia.laine@tyks.fi.
- 83 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: vilpel@utu.fi.
- 84 Children's Department, St. Olavs Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: henrik.dollner@ntnu.no.
- 85 Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: frode.width.gran@stolav.no.
- 86 Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: andreas.christensen@stolav.no.
- 87 Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: rizzo.alberto@asst-fbf-sacco.it.
- 88 Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: alessandra.lombardi@asst-fbf-sacco.it.
- 89 Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: mileto.davide@asst-fbf-sacco.it.
- 90 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy. Electronic address: daniele.dona@unipd.it.
- 91 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: giulia.brigadoi@gmail.com.
- 92 Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: sara.rossin@aopd.veneto.it.
- 93 Pediatric Emergency Department, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: silvia.bressan.1@unipd.it.
- 94 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, and Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Italy. Electronic address: claudia.delvecchio@unipd.it.
- 95 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, and Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Italy. Electronic address: elisa.franchin@unipd.it.
- 96 Department of Laboratory and Infectious Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: marilena.lasorda@policlinicogemelli.it.
- 97 Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: danilobuonsenso@gmail.com.
- 98 Annunziata Hub Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy. Electronic address: antoniomastroianni@yahoo.it.
- 99 Annunziata Hub Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy. Electronic address: grecosonia1976@gmail.com.
- 100 Paediatric Emergency Service and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: rodriguesfmp@gmail.com.
- 101 Paediatric Emergency Service and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: inestaborda95@gmail.com.
- 102 Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) Viseu Dão-Lafões, Viseu, Portugal. Electronic address: jorgefcrodrigues@gmail.com.
- 103 Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) Viseu Dão-Lafões, Viseu, Portugal. Electronic address: mmfarinha@hotmail.com.
- 104 Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario de Santiago and University of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: federico.martinon.torres@sergas.es.
- 105 Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario de Santiago and University of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: ana.dacosta.urbieta@sergas.es.
- 106 Microbiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. Electronic address: gema.barbeito.castineiras@sergas.es.
- 107 Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: darja.kese@mf.uni-lj.si.
- 108 Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: mguzvine@bfm.hr.
- 109 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: gtesovic@bfm.hr.
- 110 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: ddidovic@bfm.hr.
- 111 Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: atambic@bfm.hr.
- 112 Microbiology Department, "Agia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: kalogerael@yahoo.gr.
- 113 Microbiology Department, "Agia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: evipetridou@yahoo.gr.
- 114 Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Athens, Greece. Electronic address: j.kopsidas@cleoresearch.org.
- 115 Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: hila.elinav@gmail.com.
- 116 Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: ayeletg@hadassah.org.il.
- 117 Arabkir Medical Centre, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health (Arabkir MC-ICAH), Yerevan, Armenia. Electronic address: astghikbag@yahoo.com.
- 118 Arabkir Medical Centre, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health (Arabkir MC-ICAH), Yerevan, Armenia. Electronic address: vardiamirkhanyan74@gmail.com.
- 119 Blood Cells Laboratories, Arabkir, Yerevan, Armenia. Electronic address: drgrigoryan81@gmail.com.
- 120 Hebei Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Pathogenesis and Precise Diagnosis and Treatment, Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China. Electronic address: 13370115087@163.com.
- 121 Hebei Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Pathogenesis and Precise Diagnosis and Treatment in Children, Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Baoding, Hebei, China. Electronic address: hbbdbj@126.com.
- 122 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei, China. Electronic address: peiwwien@outlook.com.
- 123 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: kunlingshen1717@163.com.
- 124 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: wangyulei1129@126.com.
- 125 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: wwjxx@126.com.
- 126 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: 15986669718@163.com.
- 127 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: luoxiaojuan1983@126.com.
- 128 Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Electronic address: chenzhengrong@suda.edu.cn.
- 129 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: pedwilly@snu.ac.kr.
- 130 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hyunjulee@snu.ac.kr.
- 131 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: eunchoi@snu.ac.kr.
- 132 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mshanpid@gmail.com.
- 133 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: seungha.ped@gmail.com.
- 134 Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan. Electronic address: oo0612@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp.
- 135 Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: sae-aoki@niid.go.jp.
- 136 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka City, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: saraya@ks.kyorin-u.ac.jp.
- 137 Wakaba Children's Clinic, Saitama, Japan. Electronic address: tochaben@gray.plala.or.jp.
- 138 Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: yuchiahsieh@gmail.com.
- 139 Department of Pediatrics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. Electronic address: pedcutegainer@gmail.com.
- 140 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address: loo.liat.hui@kkh.com.sg.
- 141 Faculty of Medicine, Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan. Electronic address: drbilal77@yahoo.com.
- 142 Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: msadarangani@bcchr.ubc.ca.
- 143 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. Electronic address: david.goldfarb@cw.bc.ca.
- 144 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA. Electronic address: lkociolek@luriechildrens.org.
- 145 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: patel.robin@mayo.edu.
- 146 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: kies.kami@mayo.edu.
- 147 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: mainella.jill@mayo.edu.
- 148 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: kapinos.jessica@mayo.edu.
- 149 Sections of Emergency Medicine and Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Electronic address: lilliam.ambroggio@cuanschutz.edu.
- 150 Children's Hospital Colorado, USA. Electronic address: kelly.pearce@cuanschutz.edu.
- 151 Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Section of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA. Electronic address: samuel.dominguez@cuanschutz.edu.
- 152 Center for Research, Diagnosis and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba. Electronic address: nadia@ipk.sld.cu.
- 153 División de Microbiología, Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS); San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: crisper78@gmail.com.
- 154 División de Microbiología, Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS); San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: cmairena@ccss.sa.cr.
- 155 Servicio de Aislamiento Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS); San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: rolandoug@gmail.com.
- 156 Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS); San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: givankovich@gmail.com.
- 157 Division of Microbiology, SydPath St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: david.lorenz@svha.org.au.
- 158 LabPlus, Health NZ - Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: MattBl@adhb.govt.nz.
- 159 Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: simon.cottrell@wales.nhs.uk.
- 160 Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kenri@niid.go.jp.
- 161 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. Electronic address: matthias.maiwald@singhealth.com.sg.
- 162 Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: nirpaz@hadassah.org.il.
- 163 Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Center for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: cecile.bebear@u-bordeaux.fr.
- 164 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.vanrossum@erasmusmc.nl.
- 165 Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: SU@ssi.dk.
- 166 Statistics, Modelling and Economics, Data, Analytics and Surveillance, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK. Electronic address: xu-sheng.zhang@ukhsa.gov.uk.
- 167 Microbiology and Infection Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mbeeton@cardiffmet.ac.uk.
- PMID: 40683283
- DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101191
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Conflict of interest statement
We declare no competing interests. PMMS and MLB conceptualised the study. All ESGMAC MAPS study group members (authors) and the ESGMAC MAPS study group collaborators contributed to the acquisition of data. PMMS, SS, EO, and ER managed the database. PMMS, SS, ER, and X-SZ analysed the data. PMMS and MLB contributed to data interpretation. PMMS wrote a first draft of the manuscript, which was first commented on by MLB and then by all other authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. They had full access to and verified all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. All data are aggregated and anonymised and can be provided upon request to the corresponding author. We are grateful to all those who helped with the study.
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