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. 2025 Jun 18:12:100744.
doi: 10.1016/j.apjon.2025.100744. eCollection 2025 Dec.

Decision-making of artificial nutrition and hydration in hospice care: A qualitative study of Chinese patients and family caregivers

Yunrong Li  1 , Yuan Ji  2 , Tiantian Wang  1 , Bo Yang  3 , Fulin Gao  1 , Liuliu Zhang  1 , Guoren Zhou  4 , Yun Zhao  1
Affiliations

Decision-making of artificial nutrition and hydration in hospice care: A qualitative study of Chinese patients and family caregivers

Yunrong Li et al. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. .

Abstract

Objective: Decision-making of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) is a complex ethical and emotional decision in hospice care, significantly impacting patients' comfort and quality of life at the end of life. This study explored behaviors about decision-making of ANH in hospice patients and their family caregivers, aiming to identify the trajectory and influencing factors of the decision.

Methods: This study employed constructivist grounded theory. Using purposive and theoretical sampling methods, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 hospice patients and family caregivers in three Grade IIIA hospitals in Mainland China. Thematic analysis involved initial coding, focused coding, and theoretical coding to develop main categories and core categories.

Results: This study identified a core category, alongside two main categories. A framework titled "The decision-making process of ANH for hospice patients and family caregivers" was developed. This decision-making began with the detection of malnutrition and progressed through five core stages, including "symptom shock", "risk trade-offs", "goal formation", "final decision", and "moral distress". Multiple individual, medical, and social factors influenced the final decision-making process of ANH.

Conclusions: Through the framework, this study can enhance health care providers' understanding of the decision-making process and also can aid in tailoring support to align treatment choices with patients' preferences. The study highlights the interplay between emotional and rational aspects in decision-making of ANH and emphasizes the need for health care providers to recognize individual, medical, and social factors. These findings can enhance the decision-making experience of hospice patients and family caregivers, ultimately improving the quality of hospice care.

Keywords: Decision-making; Enteral nutrition; Grounded theory; Hospice care; Parenteral nutrition; Qualitative research.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Data collection and analysis process.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The decision-making process of ANH for hospice patients and family caregivers. ANH, artificial nutrition and hydration.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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