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. 2025 Jul 21;15(1):26421.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09190-w.

Collaborative decision-making for localized emergency response in major railroad projects

Yuanyuan Lei  1   2 , Jingxiao Zhang  3 , Ruixue Zhang  1 , Lean Yu  4 , Pablo Ballesteros-Pérez  5 , Martin Skitmore  6
Affiliations

Collaborative decision-making for localized emergency response in major railroad projects

Yuanyuan Lei et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This paper examines major railroad projects' emergency response decision-making process, focusing on timeliness, cost-effectiveness, and public involvement. It explores the optimal collaborative strategies of local governments, enterprises, and the public during the construction phase. A novel tripartite decision-making framework is proposed, based on an asymmetric evolutionary game model and dynamic simulation methods. The results show a stable equilibrium in emergency response strategies emerges when public engagement is prioritized. Government subsidy policies are found to significantly influence the strategic choices of all agents, emphasizing the critical role of coordinated collaboration. The study highlights the importance of public participation and multi-agent cooperation in addressing complex emergency challenges. These findings provide valuable guidance for improving localized emergency response strategies, enhancing collaborative decision-making, optimizing resource allocation, increasing response efficiency, and supporting policy formulation in major railroad projects.

Keywords: Evolutionary game; Localized emergency response; Major railroad projects; Multi-agent decision.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Phase trajectory diagram under strategy combination 1 scenario (x,p,u).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Phase trajectory diagram under the strategy combination 2 scenario (x,p,u).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Phase trajectory diagram under the strategy combination 3 scenario (x,p,u).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Phase trajectories of the three strategy combinations when the government does not subsidize.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Phase trajectories of the three strategy combinations when fully subsidized by the government.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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