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Review
. 2025 Aug;152(9):890-896.
doi: 10.1017/S0031182025100577.

Human helminth infections above latitude 60°N: reports published 2001-2024

Tapan Bhattacharyya  1 , Michael A Miles  1
Affiliations
Review

Human helminth infections above latitude 60°N: reports published 2001-2024

Tapan Bhattacharyya et al. Parasitology. 2025 Aug.

Abstract

This article surveys reports of human helminth infection from geographical regions above latitude 60°N published in the period 2001–2024. We take a global approach encompassing the Americas and Eurasia. The helminth genera thus described herein include nematode (Trichinella, Toxocara, Anisakis, Pseudoterranova), cestode (Echinococcus, Dibothriocephalus) and trematode (Opisthorchis, Trichobilharzia). The primary reports identified infections principally by serology (community-based or individual, including imported cases) and outbreaks. There were also articles reporting national data compiled from official sources. Despite successful local control programmes, these pathogens pose an ongoing risk to human health in this region.

Keywords: Alaska; Anisakid; Canada; Dibothriocephalus; Echinococcus; Greenland; Opisthorchis; Russian Federation; Toxocara; Trichinella.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Indicative locations of the studies surveyed herein. Encircled regions show the geographical scope of regional studies. Dashed line represents latitude 60°N.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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