Understanding Immunization Perspectives: Exploring Maternal Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, and Stakeholder Perceptions on Barriers and Challenges in the United Arab Emirates: A Mixed Methods Study

Abstract

Introduction: Vaccination is crucial because it protects individuals and communities from infectious diseases, reducing the spread and potential for outbreaks. As mothers are often the primary caregivers of children, they must be well-informed about childhood vaccinations through credible sources. The study investigated the disparities in knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding immunization among mothers of children aged 0-5 years residing in Ras Al Khaimah. In the qualitative part of the study, the main barriers and challenges to immunization in the UAE were identified, as perceived by different stakeholders.

Methodology: This study employed a mixed-method approach to examine childhood vaccination practices and attitudes among Emirati and expatriate mothers in Ras Al Khaimah, UAE, between January and April 2024. Two hundred and seven mothers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and 14 stakeholders were interviewed using an in-depth interview guide.

Results: Key findings revealed that 95.1% of mothers vaccinated their children, but 18.3% admitted to delays. Expatriate mothers demonstrated higher knowledge of vaccine benefits and fewer concerns about safety compared to Emirati mothers. The themes generated from in-depth interviews- namely, natural immunity, peer influence, and healthcare system challenges-were significant factors influencing vaccination decisions. Cultural norms and systemic issues, such as delays in vaccine administration, also affected vaccination uptake.

Discussion: Despite high vaccination rates, there was a persistent lack of awareness and concerns about side effects among both groups. This gap indicates a need for more targeted educational initiatives to address misconceptions and promote vaccine safety. The study's limited interviews, cross-sectional design, and sample may not fully represent all UAE demographic groups.

Conclusion: Despite the high vaccination rates, there is a persistent lack of awareness and concerns regarding side effects. This study highlights the importance of culturally tailored communication and increased advocacy by healthcare providers to address concerns about vaccination and prevent misconceptions among the diverse population in the UAE.

Keywords: Immunization; attitude; knowledge; mixed-methods study; practice; qualitative.; vaccination.