Pediatric thrombosis: Risk factors, diagnosis, and prevention strategies

Abstract

Pediatric thrombosis is an underdiagnosed condition with potentially life-threatening consequences. Unlike adult thrombosis, the pediatric variant is characterized by age-specific risk factors, such as central venous catheters, infections, and genetic predispositions, which demand a tailored approach to diagnosis and management. Neonates and adolescents are particularly vulnerable due to physiological and hormonal changes, respectively, that amplify their susceptibility to thrombotic events. A deeper understanding of these factors is crucial for early detection and effective prevention strategies. The diagnostic process for pediatric thrombosis is fraught with challenges owing to the nonspecific nature of symptoms and variability in presentation across age groups. Imaging modalities, such as Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography pulmonary angiography, remain the cornerstone for identifying thrombotic events. However, laboratory investigations, including thrombophilia testing and d-dimer assays, are essential adjuncts, particularly in cases of idiopathic or recurrent thrombosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis is pivotal for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.

Keywords: anticoagulation; diagnosis; pediatric thrombosis; prevention; risk factors.