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. 2025 Jul 9:16:1574859.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1574859. eCollection 2025.

Isolation and characterization of Boudabousia marimammalium from a mangrove habitat: identification of dual-function antimicrobial and anticancer peptides

Yalpi Karthik  1 , Srinivasa Krishnappa  2 , Manjula Ishwara Kalyani  1 , Ramakrishna D  3 , Prabhudev S H  2 , Kumar K M  4 , Sanchit Thakur  5 , Laila A Al-Shuraym  6 , Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis  6 , Ohud Muslat Aharthy  7 , Seham Sater Alhelaify  7 , Muntazir Mushtaq  5
Affiliations

Isolation and characterization of Boudabousia marimammalium from a mangrove habitat: identification of dual-function antimicrobial and anticancer peptides

Yalpi Karthik et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Actinomycetes were isolated from mangrove soil samples and cultivated on starch casein nitrate (SCN) medium. The isolate was identified as Boudabousia marimammalium through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA X. Microscopic examination revealed filamentous mycelia with spirally coiled spore chains bearing cylindrical, hairy spores with curved edges, consistent with the genus morphology. Crude protein was extracted, partially purified (11.52-fold), and quantified (0.195 mg/mL, 8.48% recovery). Antimicrobial activity was tested against a panel of bacterial pathogens, and anticancer potential was evaluated using PC3 prostate cancer cells. LC-MS was employed for compound identification. The crude protein extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Proteus vulgaris (22 ± 0.6 mm), Salmonella typhimurium (15 ± 0.6 mm), Bacillus cereus (13 ± 0.6 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14 ± 0.6 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus (10 ± 0.6 mm). It also showed anticancer activity, causing 37.43% growth inhibition of PC3 cells at 200 µg. LC-MS analysis identified a dipeptide with a molecular weight of 351.45 Da, corresponding to Tryprostatin B, a known bioactive compound. The isolate B. marimammalium from mangrove soil produces bioactive peptides with dual antimicrobial and anticancer properties.

Keywords: Boudabousia marimammalium; actinomycetes; anticancer peptides; antimicrobial peptides; mangrove habitat.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mangrove soil sample collection site, Kallapu, Mangalore region. (A) Mangrove soil sample collection site, Kallapu, Mangalore region. (B) Location map depicting the soil sample collection in the Mangalore region of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cultural characteristics of actinomycete isolate S23: (a) Rear view of isolate, (b) Front view of isolate, (c) Phase contrast microscopic analysis, (d) Mycelia observations under FESEM, (e) Mycelia along with spore analysis under FESEM, and (f) Spore structure analysis using FESEM.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Agarose gel electrophoresis for the detection of isolated DNA using the GeneRuler 1 kb DNA Ladder (Thermo Scientific) as a molecular weight marker. (B) Quantification of PCR-amplified DNA from a pure actinomycete isolate.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Phylogenetic tree of Boudabousia marimammalium YKIKM. MU03 (S23) using the Neighbor-Joining method.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Elution profile of Boudabousia marimammalium culture protein extract using Sephadex G-10 column chromatography.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Pictorial images of the antimicrobial activity of actinomycete isolate S23 against Bacillus cereus, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and (b) Graphical representation of the antimicrobial efficiency of Actinomyces isolate S23 on eight standard cultures.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Untreated PC3 cells, (b) 5 μg of cisplatin, (c) 200 μg of anticancer activity of Boudabousia marimammalium showed a potential of 37.43%, and (d) differential protein extraction efficiency of Boudabousia marimammalium.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Elution profile of protein extracted from Boudabousia marimammalium YKIKM. MU03 protein. (a) Mass confirmation and analysis record, and (b) 2D structure of Tryprostatin B.
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