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. 2025 Jul 1;27(7):euaf135.
doi: 10.1093/europace/euaf135.

Impact of 1 mm difference in interelectrode spacing on local electrograms and voltage/activation maps

Junji Yamaguchi  1   2 , Masateru Takigawa  1   3 , Masahiko Goya  1 , Hidehiro Iwakawa  4 , Iwanari Kawamura  1 , Ryosuke Kato  4 , Masaki Honda  1 , Miho Negishi  1 , Ryo Tateishi  1 , Tasuku Yamamoto  1 , Takashi Ikenouchi  1 , Kentaro Goto  1 , Takatoshi Shigeta  1 , Takuro Nishimura  1 , Tomomasa Takamiya  1 , Susumu Tao  1 , Sayaka Suzuki  5 , Takehiro Iwanaga  6 , Shinsuke Miyazaki  1   3 , Tetsuo Sasano  1
Affiliations

Impact of 1 mm difference in interelectrode spacing on local electrograms and voltage/activation maps

Junji Yamaguchi et al. Europace. .
No abstract available

Keywords: Catheter ablation; Electrogram mapping; Gap detection; Low-voltage zones; OCTARAY.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: K.G., M.T., and S.M. received endowments from Medtronic Japan, Boston Scientific, Japan Lifeline, and WIN International. No other authors have conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Photographs of the OCTARAY 3-3-3, OCTARAY 2-2-2, and DECANAV catheters, together with schematic definitions of bipolar and unipolar electrogram (EGM) measurements. PE, proximal electrode; DE, distal electrode. (B) Left: representative unipolar and bipolar EGMs recorded with OCTARAY 2-2-2 and 3-3-3. Right: summary table of EGM measurements for OCTARAY 2-2-2 vs. DECANAV and OCTARAY 3-3-3 vs. DECANAV, plus the calculated OCTARAY 3-3-3/OCTARAY 2-2-2 amplitude ratio. (C) Bipolar voltage mapping. Using the conventional 0.5 mV cut-off, the low-voltage zone (LVZ) was significantly smaller with 3 mm interelectrode spacing than with 2 mm (P = 0.03). When the 3 mm spacing cut-off was adjusted to 0.85 mV, LVZ areas became nearly identical between configurations (P = 0.90). (D) Unipolar voltage mapping. At a cut-off of 2.5 mV, LVZ areas did not differ between 2 and 3 mm spacing catheters (P = 0.94). (E) Activation map during pacing from the low-lateral right atrium (RA). Three converging wavefronts were observed: two traversing conduction gaps (arrows pointing to the right atrium) and one propagating anteriorly. All gaps were detected equally well with both 2 and 3 mm spacing configurations, and no qualitative differences in activation pattern were noted.
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