Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2025 Nov;214(5):466-467.
doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000004692. Epub 2025 Jul 24.

A New Framework for Testosterone Deficiency: Integrating Organ-Specific and Circadian Thresholds

Affiliations
Editorial

A New Framework for Testosterone Deficiency: Integrating Organ-Specific and Circadian Thresholds

Yu-Hsiang Lin et al. J Urol. 2025 Nov.
No abstract available

Keywords: androgen threshold; circadian rhythm; hypogonadism; organ-specific hormone sensitivity; testosterone deficiency.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, et al. Evaluation and management of testosterone deficiency: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2018;200(2):423-432. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.03.115 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(5):1715-1744. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-00229 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Saad F, Aversa A, Isidori AM, Zafalon L, Zitzmann M, Gooren L. Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(5):675-685. doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0221 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhu A, Andino J, Daignault-Newton S, Chopra Z, Sarma A, Dupree JM. What is a normal testosterone level for young men? Rethinking the 300 ng/dL cutoff for testosterone deficiency in men 20-44 years old. J Urol. 2022;208(6):1295-1302. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002928 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wittert G, Atlantis E, Allan C, et al. Testosterone therapy to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus in at-risk men (T4DM): design and implementation of a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(4):772-780. doi: 10.1111/dom.13601 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types