From unconditionality to disenchantment among primary healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study from Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Objectives: To explore the experience of primary healthcare (PHC) professionals in their professional role during the pandemic and to describe collective coping strategies.

Design: We conducted a qualitative study using interviews, focus groups and photovoice techniques from February to September 2021. The qualitative data were transcribed, aggregated and analysed, from a hermeneutic perspective, using applied thematic analysis and ethnographic approaches.

Setting: Primary Care Health Madrid region (Spain).

Participants: Convenience sampling was used to select 71 multidisciplinary primary care professionals who were working in 12 PHCs representing diverse socioeconomic, social vulnerability and COVID impact levels in the Madrid region (Spain).

Results: Findings from this study show how lack of protection in the early days, uncertainty about how the disease would evolve and the daily challenges they faced have had an impact on the participants' perceptions of their professional role. Nuanced differences in impact were found between men and women, age groups, professional roles and territories. The questioning of the basic foundations of primary care and the lack of prospects led to a feeling of demotivation. They perceive a wide gap between their levels of involvement and commitment, the recognition they receive and the attention to resources they need to do their work to a high standard. The support of their colleagues was seen as the most valuable resource for coping with the crisis.

Conclusions: The practitioners' discourses offer knowledge that could help to face new global health threats; they also identify an urgent need to restore the role and motivation of PHC professionals as part of a wider regeneration of health systems.

Keywords: COVID-19; Health Workforce; Primary Health Care; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH.