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. 2025 Jul 25;192(8):519.
doi: 10.1007/s00604-025-07393-6.

A dual-mode electrochemical and fluorescence aptasensor based on CDs@Cu/Al-MOF and Ti3C2 for the detection of kanamycin in milk

Fang Li  1 , Mingming Luo  2 , Yijun Tan  2 , Ruowei Liu  2 , Longping Xu  2 , Pei Zhao  2 , Zijian Wu  3   4   5
Affiliations

A dual-mode electrochemical and fluorescence aptasensor based on CDs@Cu/Al-MOF and Ti3C2 for the detection of kanamycin in milk

Fang Li et al. Mikrochim Acta. .

Abstract

A dual-mode electrochemical and fluorescent sensing platform for the highly sensitive detection of kanamycin (KANA) in milk was constructed, which leveraged the synergistic effects of carbon dots (CDs)-loaded metal-organic frameworks (CDs@Cu/Al-MOF) and Ti3C2, along with the competitive binding of complementary DNA (cDNA) strands to KANA-specific aptamers. Loading CDs onto Cu/Al-MOF effectively prevented the aggregation of CDs and shielded the fluorescent signals from environmental interference, significantly enhancing signal stability. When a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) functionalized with Ti3C2 and aptamers was immersed in a solution of cDNA-functionalized CDs@Cu/Al-MOF, the aptamers hybridized with the cDNA, anchoring the CDs@Cu/Al-MOF onto the GCE surface. This resulted in enhanced electrochemical signals and weakened fluorescence intensity in the solution. Upon introduction of KANA, the aptamer preferentially bound to KANA and the cDNA/CDs@Cu/Al-MOF detached from the electrode, leading to a decrease in the electrochemical signal and an increase in the fluorescence signal. The developed dual-mode aptasensor enabled highly sensitive detection of KANA within a range of 100 fM-1 μM, with the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.5254 fM (electrochemical mode) and 0.4398 fM (fluorescence mode). The dual-mode aptasensor exhibited excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and promising performance in real milk sample analysis.

Keywords: Aptasensor; Dual-mode detection; Electrochemical detection; Fluorescence detection; Kanamycin; Modified glassy carbon electrode.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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