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. 2025 Jan-Dec:34:9636897251359786.
doi: 10.1177/09636897251359786. Epub 2025 Jul 25.

Triple stem cell infusion alleviated graft-versus-host disease and improves outcomes in unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Fang Hua  1   2 , Shan Zhang  1 , Xiaomei Zhang  1 , Yan Deng  1 , Ying Han  1 , Sihan Lai  1 , Ying He  1 , Lei Ma  1 , Xupai Zhang  1 , Dan Chen  1 , Yi Su  1 , Jian Xiao  2 , Ling Zhang  1 , Hui Yang  1 , Rong Huang  1 , Haiyan Hu  3 , Mingli Chen  3 , Guangcui He  1 , Hao Yao  1 , Hai Yi  1
Affiliations

Triple stem cell infusion alleviated graft-versus-host disease and improves outcomes in unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Fang Hua et al. Cell Transplant. 2025 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Haplo-HSCT) provides cure opportunity for patients requiring prompt allogeneic HSCT but failing to identify well-matched donor, but its outcomes are potentially impaired by increased transplant-related mortality (TRM). We performed haplo-HSCT using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) and third-party unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells. Modified "Beijing protocol" were performed in this study. All of the patients were transplanted by Busulfan or TBI-based regimen. Anti-thymocyte globulin were used to T-cell depletion in vivo. Cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and short course methotrexate were used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). One hundred and sixty-five patients with hematological disorders undergoing haplo-HSCT from Jan 2021 to Nov 2023 were included in this study. The median time of neutrophil engraftment were 12 days (range: 9-25 days), and the median time of platelet engraftment were 13 days (range: 6-50 days). Full haploidentical donor chimerism were obtained within 30 days. No evidence of UCB chimerism was found. Twenty-five patients developed acute GVHD. The incidence of grade II-IV and grade III-IV acute GVHD was 12.73% and 6.67%, respectively. Twenty-eight patients developed chronic GVHD, 10 were limited (6.06%) and 18 were extensive (10.91%). The TRM is total of 26 deaths (15.8%) and the cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) is total of 17 deaths (11.8%) occurred as of the statistical period. The 2 years overall survival (OS) rate is 72.96%. The median overall survival rate was not reached. Haplo-HSCT performed by PBSCs, UC-MSCs and UCB "triple-infusion" achieved excellent outcomes, and need to explored in a larger cohort.

Keywords: graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); haploidentical hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Haplo-HSCT); mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs); umbilical cord blood (UCB).

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Graphical abstract
Graphical abstract
### Description 1 (a single line)Time to neutrophil engraftment (days). (b) Probability of overall survival (%). (c) Incidence of aGVHD. (d) Time to platelet engraftment (days). (e) Probability of overall survival of leukemia. (f) Incidence of cGVHD.### Description 2 (more words)
Figure 1.
(a) Time to neutrophil engraftment (days). (b) Probability of overall survival (%). (c) Incidence of aGVHD. (d) Time to platelet engraftment (days). (e) Probability of overall survival of leukemia. (f) Incidence of cGVHD.
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