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. 2025 Jul 25:e01213.
doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202501213. Online ahead of print.

Ecdysteroids, Phenolics, and Alkaloids From a Mangrove-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. BCXT-22.1 With Cytotoxic and NO Inhibitory Activities

Dang Viet Anh  1   2 , Le Thi Vien  1 , Pham Thi Cham  1 , Nguyen Hoang Nam  1 , Nguyen Quoc Vuong  1 , Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngan  3 , Do Thi Thao  3 , Dong-Sung Lee  4 , Tran Hong Quang  1   2
Affiliations

Ecdysteroids, Phenolics, and Alkaloids From a Mangrove-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. BCXT-22.1 With Cytotoxic and NO Inhibitory Activities

Dang Viet Anh et al. Chem Biodivers. .

Abstract

An EtOAc extract from the fermentation culture of a mangrove-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. BCXT-22.1, was investigated, leading to the isolation and structural elucidation of 10 secondary metabolites, including two new compounds, polyporusterone H (1) and stellatinol A (4), along with eight known compounds, panuosterone (2), makisterone A (3), stellatin (5), embeurekol C (6), oxepinamide D (7), oxepinamide F (8), oxepinamide J (9), and protubonine B (10). All of the isolated compounds, except for 8, showed cytotoxicity toward both MCF-7 and SK-Mel-2 cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 65.38 ± 1.17 to 94.20 ± 3.41 µM. Compound 1 additionally displayed cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells (IC50 = 87.65 ± 3.49 µM), while exhibiting no cytotoxicity toward the normal human embryonic kidney cell line-293A (HEK-293A) cell line. Besides, compounds 4 and 8 weakly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) overproduction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells, with inhibition rates of 36.6% ± 1.3% and 31.7% ± 2.9% at 40 µM, respectively. Molecular docking simulations suggested that 4 and 8 may exert their NO inhibitory effects by interacting with the active site of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein, thereby modulating its activity.

Keywords: Aspergillus; Sonneratia caseolaris; alkaloids; cytotoxic; ecdysteroids; mangrove‐derived fungus; nitric oxide; phenolics.

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