New insights on pharmacological potential of montelukast: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Leukotrienes are strong lipid mediators that mainly act through particular leukotriene receptors to produce a broad range of clinical effects. These receptors facilitate the complex biochemical and physiological responses associated with leukotrienes. An examination of their roles in various diseases reveals the pharmacological effects of anti-leukotriene agents, specifically their ability to modulate inflammatory responses within the body. Recent research has focused on the dual nature of these lipids, revealing that they may trigger a mild inflammatory response, which is a key significant factor in neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, renal difficulties, liver damage, and cancer. Among the available modulators, Montelukast is distinguished as a particularly effective orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist. In the United States and around the world, it has been available and generally approved for the treatment of hay fever and asthma for more than 11 years. It is frequently recommended as an adjuvant to low-dose inhaled corticosteroids for patients who need additional medication, or as an alternative first-line treatment for pediatric asthma, even in cases with mild, persistent symptoms. Apart from anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activities, Montelukast has numerous pharmacological activities such as anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-osteoporotic, renal protective, liver protective, cardioprotective, anti-arthritic effects, and other beneficial effects on the body. Montelukast operates through a highly effective mechanism that makes it a potent ally in the battle against various respiratory conditions, including asthma and hay fever.

Keywords: Anticancer; Cardioprotective; Hepatoprotective; Leukotrienes; Montelukast; Neuroprotective; Osteoporosis; Renal protective; Rheumatoid arthritis.