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Review
. 2025 Jul 26;14(1):95.
doi: 10.1007/s13668-025-00686-5.

Association of Vitamins and their Interactions on Depression: A Review

Neil Mistry  1 , Logan T Cowan  1 , Hani M Samawi  1 , Amenah Qotineh  1 , Kelly L Sullivan  2
Affiliations
Review

Association of Vitamins and their Interactions on Depression: A Review

Neil Mistry et al. Curr Nutr Rep. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: Depression is highly prevalent in the United States. Literature has investigated common demographic risk factors and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The effects of vitamins and their interactions on depression prevalence and symptoms has gained interest, especially in the context of a large representative sample. The review aims to evaluate the literature concerning individual vitamins and their association with depression.

Recent findings: Several observational studies have been conducted to determine the effects of individual vitamins on depression. These studies have conflicting results regarding the impact and magnitude of vitamin effects, and previous studies evaluating the effect of vitamin interactions on depression have limited generalizability. Despite pharmacologic and biological rationale supporting the potential role of vitamins in combating depression, results of studies evaluating vitamin intake and depression in humans are inconsistent and limited. Further research is needed to assess the link between nutrition and depression in robust populations, particularly in groups at risk for or suffering from depression.

Keywords: Depression; Hydrophilic vitamins; Interactions; Lipophilic vitamins; Vitamin.

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Conflict of interest statement

Compliance with Ethical Standards. Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. Ethics Approval: IRB approval was not required for this review of literature. Consent: Informed consent was not relevant to this review of literature.

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