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Review
. 2025 Jul 27;52(1):760.
doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10773-z.

A narrative overview of Staphylococcus haemolyticus: resistance traits, virulence factors, and health impact

U Meenatchi  1 , A Sridevi  1 , A E Harish Vikas  1 , Piyush Jagdish Balgote  2 , Jayanthi Sivaraman  3
Affiliations
Review

A narrative overview of Staphylococcus haemolyticus: resistance traits, virulence factors, and health impact

U Meenatchi et al. Mol Biol Rep. .

Abstract

Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium emerging as a significant nosocomial pathogen, particularly in neonatal intensive care units. It primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and exhibits high levels of antibiotic resistance among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), underscores its global public health relevance. Advances in sequencing technologies have provided genomic insights into its pathogenicity, including biofilm formation and secretion of virulence factors. The organism is implicated in device-associated meningitis and neonatal central nervous system (CNS) infections. Current therapeutic challenges necessitate alternative treatment strategies, such as phage-derived endolysins and linezolid, especially when conventional options fail. This review outlines a comprehensive understanding of S. haemolyticus, focusing on its antibiotic resistance, virulence determinants, and the need for innovative approaches to combat healthcare-associated infections.

Keywords: Staphylococcus haemolyticus; Antibiotic resistance; Biofilm; Nosocomial infection; Virulence factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest concerning this article’s research, authorship, and publication. Ethical approval: Not applicable. Human participants and/or animals involvement in research: Not applicable. Informed consent: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: This manuscript is original, has not been published previously in any form, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere in any language. All authors have reviewed the manuscript and given their approval for its content and submission to the “Molecular Biology Reports” journal.

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