Cardiovascular implications of MASLD: overview of the evidence

Abstract

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly prevalent and encompasses a spectrum from simple steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), with potential progression to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Objective: This review provides an overview of the link between MASLD and cardiovascular disease.

Results: MASLD is closely linked to metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease, evidenced by increased coronary artery calcification, carotid intima-media thickness, epicardial adipose tissue, and pulse wave velocity, along with decreased flow-mediated dilation. These cardiovascular complications significantly heighten the risk of cardiovascular events and overall mortality.

Conclusion: MASLD seems to be an independent cardiovascular risk factor, but further studies are warranted to clarify the distinct impacts of MASLD stages and their interplay with MS on cardiovascular outcomes.

Keywords: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); atherosclerosis; cardiometabolic risk; cardiovascular disease; metabolic syndrome.