Performance of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), over Three Generations on Four Maize Cultivars

Abstract

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a highly destructive pest that poses serious threats and causes significant losses to the production of maize in China. This study evaluated the feeding and oviposition preferences of S. frugiperda when reared on four maize cultivars-sweet, waxy, common, and silage-across three consecutive generations. It also compared population adaptability among these cultivars and analyzed population parameters between the F1 and F3 generations. The findings revealed that all four F1 generation populations showed a preference for feeding and oviposition on sweet maize. However, over time, S. frugiperda exhibited a stronger preference, in terms of feeding and oviposition behaviors, for the natal host plant across three consecutive generations of rearing. The fall armyworm completed its life cycle and oviposited on all four maize varieties over three generations. The sweet cultivar population had the highest intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, net reproductive rate, larval survival rate, pupation rate, eclosion rate, fecundity, and pupal weight, while the silage cultivar population had the shortest larval stage, pre-adult stage, and adult lifespan and the pupal weight and the fecundity were the lowest. Overall, the population fitness was the highest on the sweet cultivar, and the lowest on the silage cultivar. Compared with F1, the F3 generation of the FAW had a significantly shorter developmental duration in four maize cultivars. Except for the waxy maize cultivars, the fecundity of the other three cultivars did not differ significantly between F1 and F3. This study provides fundamental information on the trend of fall armyworm population changes in maize fields and serves as a reference for rational maize cultivar planting decisions.

Keywords: agricultural entomology; control technology; crop protection; insect–plant interactions; pest control.

Figure 3

Age-specific survival rate (l_x), female age-specific fecundity (f_x10) (female adult is the 10th stage), age-specific fecundity (m_x), and age-specific net maternity (l_xm_x) of Spodoptera frugiperda reared on the four maize cultivars.

Figure 4

Population life expectancy (e_xj) of Spodoptera frugiperda reared on four maize cultivars.

Figure 5

Population reproduction value (v_xj) of Spodoptera frugiperda reared on four maize cultivars.

Figure 1

Feeding preferences of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae on 4 maize cultivars for three consecutive generations after 24 h. The data presented are mean ± SE. Statistical significance was assessed using the Duncan multiple comparison test. The error bar in the figure is SE. (* p < 0.05, NS p > 0.05).

Figure 2

Age-stage survival rate (s_xj) of Spodoptera frugiperda reared on four maize cultivars. Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5 are the F3 data of FAW.