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Review
. 2025 Jul 23:18:2493-2506.
doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S527579. eCollection 2025.

Asprosin Levels in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jovana Ristic  1 , Sena Kodalak  2 , Gonzalo Alberto Peralta-Jiménez  3 , Maria Fernanda Moura de Lima  4 , Marijana Kovacevic  5 , Srdjan Masic  6 , Tatjana Nikolic  1   7
Affiliations
Review

Asprosin Levels in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jovana Ristic et al. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. .

Abstract

Purpose: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) significantly affects health and healthcare costs due to chronic kidney disease complications. Given asprosin's potential as a biomarker for disease progression, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis on its relationship with DKD in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were systematically searched. Standard mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and Fisher's Z transformation were used to examine the relationship between asprosin and DKD. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and its version for cross-sectional studies. Heterogeneity (I² > 50%) was analyzed with a random-effects model.

Results: Six studies (n = 1340) were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that T2DM patients with DKD (micro/macroalbuminuria) had significantly higher circulating asprosin levels than normoalbuminuric T2DM patients (SMD: 1.5, 95% CI: 0.69-2.32, p = 0.0003). Meta-analysis of correlation revealed a positive association of asprosin with urinary albumin excretion ratio (UACR) (Fisher's Z = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.240-0.554, p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (Fisher's Z = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.036-0.301, p = 0.013), and a negative association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Fisher's Z = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.471 to -0.239, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Asprosin is elevated in T2DM patients with pre-DKD (early stage DKD) and DKD and correlates with key markers of disease severity. Additional research is required to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of asprosin and its role in DKD.

Keywords: adipokine; albuminuria; asprosin; diabetes mellitus; diabetic kidney disease; eGFR.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Graphical conceptual model of the relationship between asprosin and DKD.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PRISMA flow diagram of study screening and selection.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot showing asprosin levels in T2DM patients with pre-DKD/DKD compared to T2DM patients without DKD.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot showing asprosin levels in T2DM patients with pre-DKD compared to T2DM patients without DKD.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot showing asprosin levels in T2DM patients with DKD compared to T2DM patients without DKD.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot showing asprosin levels in T2DM patients with pre-DKD compared to T2DM patients with DKD.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Forest plot of correlation between asprosin and eGFR.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Forest plot of correlation between asprosin and UACR.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Forest plot of correlation between asprosin and BMI.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Forest plot of correlation between asprosin and LDL-C.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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