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. 2025 Jun;14(6):2307-2312.
doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1714_24. Epub 2025 Jun 6.

Assessing breakthrough infections: Covishield (late schedule) versus Covaxin - A prospective comparative analysis in the general population

Anuradha Nadda  1 , Neha Kapoor  1 , Sahil Sharma  1 , Nikita Sharma  2 , Viyusha T Viswanathan  1 , Anamika Soni  1 , Ritu Attri  3 , Taranjot Kaur  4 , Nishu Gupta  5 , Nikhil Govil  6 , Kapil Goel  7 , Rahul Gupta  8
Affiliations

Assessing breakthrough infections: Covishield (late schedule) versus Covaxin - A prospective comparative analysis in the general population

Anuradha Nadda et al. J Family Med Prim Care. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

Introduction: Breakthrough infections (BTI) threaten the progress of the COVID-19 vaccination program towards pandemic control. To better understand the future vaccine, knowing the BTI in the general population over a while is important.

Aims and objectives: The study aimed to compare the BTI among the general population after 1 year of completion of the primary series of Covishield and Covaxin.

Materials and methods: This hospital-based prospective study was conducted among the general population beneficiaries of a COVID-19 vaccination center. Clients aged 18 years or above who had completed second vaccine dose were enrolled using systematic random sampling and followed up for 1 year. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, participants were telephonically interviewed within 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months of the second vaccine dose.

Results: Out of 1682 participants who completed the study, 958 (57.0%) and 724 (43.0%) participants received Covaxin and Covishield, respectively. Twenty-nine (3.0%) Covaxin recipients and 25 (3.5%) Covishield recipients reported BTI after 1 year of follow-up with no statistically significant difference among both groups (p-0.624). The binary logistic regression model showed that participants with either diabetes or hypertension had 1.22 times the risk of BTI compared to those without comorbidities (aOR: 1.219, CI: 0.072-20.716, p-0.891). BTI was not significantly associated with the type of vaccine, sex, employment status, and age category of the participants.

Conclusion: The study suggests that regardless of the type of vaccine received, the population will be at the same risk and require similar future containment strategies.

Keywords: BBV152 COVID-19 vaccine; Breakthrough Infections; COVID-19 Vaccines; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; Pandemics; Vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of study participants
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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