COVID-19-Omics Report: From Individual Omics Approaches to Precision Medicine

doi:10.3390/reports6040045

Review

. 2023 Sep 22;6(4):45.

doi: 10.3390/reports6040045.

COVID-19-Omics Report: From Individual Omics Approaches to Precision Medicine

Irina Vlasova-St Louis^{1

2}, Daniel Fang², Yara Amer³, Hesham Mohei⁴

Affiliations

¹ Individualized Genomics and Health Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
² APHL-CDC Laboratory Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
³ Department of Medicine, Al Ahrar Teaching Hospital, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

PMID: 40729168
PMCID: PMC12225330
DOI: 10.3390/reports6040045

Review

COVID-19-Omics Report: From Individual Omics Approaches to Precision Medicine

Irina Vlasova-St Louis et al. Reports (MDPI). 2023.

. 2023 Sep 22;6(4):45.

doi: 10.3390/reports6040045.

Authors

Irina Vlasova-St Louis^{1

2}, Daniel Fang², Yara Amer³, Hesham Mohei⁴

Affiliations

¹ Individualized Genomics and Health Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
² APHL-CDC Laboratory Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
³ Department of Medicine, Al Ahrar Teaching Hospital, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

PMID: 40729168
PMCID: PMC12225330
DOI: 10.3390/reports6040045

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, it became apparent that precision medicine relies heavily on biological multi-omics discoveries. High throughput omics technologies, such as host genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabolomics/lipidomics, and microbiomics, have become an integral part of precision diagnostics. The large number of data generated by omics technologies allows for the identification of vulnerable demographic populations that are susceptible to poor disease outcomes. Additionally, these data help to pinpoint the omics-based biomarkers that are currently driving advancements in precision and preventive medicine, such as early diagnosis and disease prognosis, individualized treatments, and vaccination. This report summarizes COVID-19-omic studies, highlights the results of completed and ongoing omics investigations in individuals who have experienced severe disease outcomes, and examines the impact that repurposed/novel antiviral drugs, targeted immunotherapeutics, and vaccines have had on individual and public health.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); epigenomics; genomics; immune responses to SARS-CoV-2; metabolomics; microbiomics; precision and preventive medicine; proteomics; public health; transcriptomics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Contribution of individual omics disciplines (outlined in hexagons) to population-centric precision medicine and preventive medicine innovation. Data collected from various individual omics technologies provide comprehensive information (depicted by arrows) to allow for the identification of novel biomarkers, signatures, pathways, profiles, and networks (precision diagnostics). Omics technologies have become a part of precision diagnostic medicine, customizing population-centric treatments (precision medicine) and leading to novel vaccine development (preventive medicine).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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1. Wang M.Y., Zhao R., Gao L.J., Gao X.F., Wang D.P., Cao J.M. SARS-CoV-2: Structure, Biology, and Structure-Based Therapeutics Development. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2020;10:587269. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587269. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Cen X., Wang F., Huang X., Jovic D., Dubee F., Yang H., Li Y. Towards precision medicine: Omics approach for COVID-19. Biosaf. Health. 2023;5:78–88. doi: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.01.002. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Louis I.V., Gorzalski A., Pandori M. Applications of RNA-Seq in Biology and Medicine. IntechOpen; London, UK: 2021. Diagnostic Applications for RNA-Seq Technology and Transcriptome Analyses in Human Diseases Caused by RNA Viruses; pp. 122–138.

[2] Louis I.V., Gorzalski A., Pandori M. Applications of RNA-Seq in Biology and Medicine. IntechOpen; London, UK: 2021. Diagnostic Applications for RNA-Seq Technology and Transcriptome Analyses in Human Diseases Caused by RNA Viruses; pp. 122–138.

[3] Gorzalski A.J., Kerwin H., Verma S., Hess D.C., Sevinsky J., Libuit K., Louis I.V., Siao D., Siao L., Buñuel D., et al. Rapid Lineage Assignment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases through Automated Library Preparation, Sequencing, and Bioinformatic Analysis. J. Mol. Diagn. 2023;25:191–196. doi: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2023.01.005. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Gorzalski A.J., Kerwin H., Verma S., Hess D.C., Sevinsky J., Libuit K., Louis I.V., Siao D., Siao L., Buñuel D., et al. Rapid Lineage Assignment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases through Automated Library Preparation, Sequencing, and Bioinformatic Analysis. J. Mol. Diagn. 2023;25:191–196. doi: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2023.01.005. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] V’kovski P., Kratzel A., Steiner S., Stalder H., Thiel V. Coronavirus biology and replication: Implications for SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2020;19:155–170. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00468-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] V’kovski P., Kratzel A., Steiner S., Stalder H., Thiel V. Coronavirus biology and replication: Implications for SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2020;19:155–170. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00468-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Wang M.Y., Zhao R., Gao L.J., Gao X.F., Wang D.P., Cao J.M. SARS-CoV-2: Structure, Biology, and Structure-Based Therapeutics Development. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2020;10:587269. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587269. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Wang M.Y., Zhao R., Gao L.J., Gao X.F., Wang D.P., Cao J.M. SARS-CoV-2: Structure, Biology, and Structure-Based Therapeutics Development. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2020;10:587269. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587269. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Cen X., Wang F., Huang X., Jovic D., Dubee F., Yang H., Li Y. Towards precision medicine: Omics approach for COVID-19. Biosaf. Health. 2023;5:78–88. doi: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.01.002. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Cen X., Wang F., Huang X., Jovic D., Dubee F., Yang H., Li Y. Towards precision medicine: Omics approach for COVID-19. Biosaf. Health. 2023;5:78–88. doi: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.01.002. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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COVID-19-Omics Report: From Individual Omics Approaches to Precision Medicine

Affiliations

COVID-19-Omics Report: From Individual Omics Approaches to Precision Medicine

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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