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. 2025 Sep;31(5):1015-1024.
doi: 10.1111/hae.70097. Epub 2025 Jul 29.

Management of Pregnancy, Delivery, and Postpartum in Italian Carriers and Women With Haemophilia A and B

Silvia Linari  1 , Berardino Pollio  2 , Antonietta Ferretti  3 , Mariasanta Napolitano  4 , Elvira Grandone  5 , Simona Siboni  6 , Anna Brigida Aru  7 , Elisa Bertoni  8 , Chiara Biasoli  9 , Isabella Cantori  10 , Patrizia Di Gregorio  11 , Giuseppe Lassandro  12 , Gianluca Sottilotta  13 , Alessandra Strangio  14 , Maria Rosaria Villa  15 , Giancarlo Castaman  1 , Angiola Rocino  16 ; Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers MEC donna Working Group
Affiliations

Management of Pregnancy, Delivery, and Postpartum in Italian Carriers and Women With Haemophilia A and B

Silvia Linari et al. Haemophilia. 2025 Sep.

Abstract

Introduction: Managing pregnancy in carriers/women with haemophilia involves four key objectives: preconception and prenatal care, minimizing maternal bleeding, choosing the delivery mode to reduce foetal/neonatal bleeding, and postpartum care. The optimal factor VIII/IX level at delivery and the best delivery method to mitigate maternal and foetal complications are still debated.

Aim: To share real-world clinical management in Italian haemophilia treatment centres.

Methods: In March-April 2023, members of the Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers "AICE" were invited to an online survey to collect information on the management of pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum in carriers/women with haemophilia.

Results: Thirty-three centres responded. Plasma FVIII/FIX levels are systematically evaluated in the third trimester, considering a threshold above 50 U/dL essential for safe delivery and neuraxial analgesia. Overall, the haematologic counselling on delivery mode generally aligns with obstetric indications in 73% of centres. In women who will give birth to a known affected male foetus, 55% rely on obstetric indication, while 24% suggest spontaneous delivery and 21% planned caesarean section. Excluding those which follow obstetric indication, natural delivery and planned caesarean section are recommended respectively by 40% and 60% when prenatal diagnosis is available or by 20% and 80% when not available. All centres agree to avoid instrumental delivery in affected male foetus or when prenatal diagnosis has not been made.

Conclusion: Multidisciplinary pregnancy management is recommended. Delivery mode choice is primarily driven by ensuring the newborn's maximum protection. However, the use of caesarean section should also be weighted according to the mother's risk profile.

Keywords: delivery; haemophilia; multidisciplinary management; newborn; pregnancy; women.

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