Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jul 29;15(1):27551.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10988-x.

Dentists' perception and use of AI and robotics in the care of persons with disabilities

Najla A Barnawi  1   2 , Fay A AlAmmar  1   3 , Sultan A Aldabeis  1   3 , Salma M Alahmar  1   3 , Ahmed A Alharthi  1   3 , Mostafa A Abolfotouh  4   5
Affiliations

Dentists' perception and use of AI and robotics in the care of persons with disabilities

Najla A Barnawi et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Despite the growing role of AI and robotics in healthcare, little is known about their integration into dental care for persons with disabilities (PWDs) in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess dentists' perceptions and attitudes towards and use of RT/AI in dentistry and identify the predictors of using RT/AI to care for PWDs in the Saudi context. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a previously validated online self-reported questionnaire via SurveyMonkey, targeting 309 Saudi and non-Saudi licensed dentists and dental/oral health practitioners, to collect data on the following: 1) Personal and work-related characteristics, 2) Perception toward RT/AI use, 3) Attitude toward using AI and RT in dentistry, and 4) Current use of RT and AI. RT/AI use rate was calculated for each clinical aspect and each type of impairment. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of dentists' use of RT and AI to provide care for PWDs. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Our study revealed that 59.2% of dentists who worked with PWDs reported utilizing RT/AI in various clinical aspects. Almost one-fourth of dentists reported using RT/AI in clinical examinations (23.9%), managing complications (26.8%), and performing invasive procedures (28.6%). Nearly one-third of respondents reported using RT/AI for taking a history (30%), non-invasive procedures (31.5%), behavioral training sessions (32.9%), health education (36.2%), medical diagnosis (36.6%), diagnostic tests (38%), and treatment planning (43.7%). Over one-half (54.9%) and one-fourth (28.6%) of the dentists reported a positive perception and attitude towards RT/AI use in dentistry. However, after adjusting for possible confounders, only previous RT/AI training remained a significant predictor of RT/AI use among dentists working with PWDs (OR = 9.18, 95% CI 2.92-28.90, p < 0.001). Our study is the first in the Saudi context to investigate the use of RT and AI by dentists caring for PWDs. Previous training was associated with greater use of RT/AI in this context. Potential collaborations between dental institutes and stakeholders in the RT and AI industry are recommended.

Keywords: AI/RT utilization; Dentistry technology; Disability; Impairment; Oral health education; PWDs; Perception; Robotics.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and Consent to participate: Participation in this study was voluntary. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. In electronic informed consent, dentists were assured that their responses would remain anonymous. They were asked to respond to the survey if they agreed to the consent terms. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA) approved the study, with reference # NRR24/045/7. This study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Rate of RT/AI current use in different clinical aspects among Dentist working with persons with disabilities.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Rate of RT/AI current use in different types of impairments among Dentist working with persons with disabilities.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Levels of Perception and attitude toward the Rt/AI use among Dentist working with persons with disabilities.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Bekbolatova, M., Mayer, J., Ong, C. W. & Toma, M. Transformative Potential of AI in Healthcare: Definitions, Applications, and Navigating the Ethical Landscape and Public Perspectives. Healthc10.3390/healthcare12020125 (2024). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alowais, S. A. et al. Revolutionizing healthcare: The role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice. BMC Med. Educ.23(1), 1–15. 10.1186/s12909-023-04698-z (2023). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Siala, H. & Wang, Y. SHIFTing artificial intelligence to be responsible in healthcare: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med.2022(296), 114782. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114782 (2021). - PubMed
    1. Liu, C. et al. The evolution of robotics: Research and application progress of dental implant robotic systems. Int. J. Oral. Sci.16(1), 1–13. 10.1038/s41368-024-00296-x (2024). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Luo, Z. et al. Accuracy of robotic computer-assisted implant surgery in clinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health10.1186/s12903-025-05837-2 (2025). - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources