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. 2025 Jul 29;170(8):187.
doi: 10.1007/s00705-025-06373-8.

Biological characterization and genomic profiling of a novel Providencia phage isolated from farm effluents

Mantong Zhu #  1   2 , Chang Liu #  2 , Guangfeng Liu  2 , Hongsai Zhang  2 , Xing Wang  2 , Ying Wang  2 , Yongqi Luo  2 , Jingzhe Jiang  3
Affiliations

Biological characterization and genomic profiling of a novel Providencia phage isolated from farm effluents

Mantong Zhu et al. Arch Virol. .

Abstract

A Providencia strain was isolated from farm effluents and used as a host to isolate a bacteriophage named A06. A double-layer agar plaque assay was used to determine the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), construct a one-step growth curve, evaluate the temperature and pH stability of the phage, and assess its in vitro antibacterial activity and lysis efficiency. Whole-genome sequencing, functional annotation, and comparative genomics analysis were used to analyze its biological features and determine its taxonomic position. Bacteriophage A06 has a circular DNA genome with 58 open reading frames (ORFs). The optimal MOI was determined to be 100, and a one-step growth curve showed the latent period to be 40 minutes and the lysis period to range from 40 to 90 minutes. Bacteriophage A06 exhibited a high degree of thermal stability and pH tolerance, and genomic analysis indicated that it represents a new species within the genus Kakivirus of the family Autoscriptoviridae.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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