Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jul 10;17(14):1913.
doi: 10.3390/polym17141913.

Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticle/Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites with Induced Magnetic Performance

Anastasios C Patsidis  1 , Aikaterini Sanida  1   2 , Georgia C Manika  1 , Sevasti Gioti  1 , Georgios N Mathioudakis  3 , Nicholas Petropoulos  4 , Athanasios Kanapitsas  4 , Christos Tsonos  4 , Thanassis Speliotis  5 , Georgios C Psarras  1
Affiliations

Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticle/Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites with Induced Magnetic Performance

Anastasios C Patsidis et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

In this work magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4, or ZnFe2O4, or SrFe12O19) and BaTiO3 microparticles were embedded in an epoxy resin for the synthesis of three series of hybrid magnetic polymer nanocomposites. Barium titanate content was kept constant, while magnetic phase content was varied. Fabricated specimens were structurally and morphologically characterized by employing scanning electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction patterns. Results implied successful synthesis of the hybrid nanocomposites. The magnetic behavior of the pure magnetic nanoparticles and the fabricated nanocomposites was investigated via a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The magnetic performance of each type of magnetic phase (i.e., soft and hard) was induced in the nanocomposites, and magnetic performance is strengthened with the increase in magnetic phase content. Initial magnetization curves were used for the determination of mass magnetic susceptibility of all nanocomposites. Magnetic saturation and magnetic remanence have been found to follow a linear relationship with magnetic phase content, giving the opportunity to predict the system's response in advance.

Keywords: hybrid nanocomposites; magnetic nanocomposites; magnetic response; magnetic susceptibility; polymer matrix nanocomposites.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the PNCs’ synthesis/fabrication procedure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM images from the hybrid composites, 40 phr x/10 phr BaTiO3/epoxy, where x stands for (a) Fe3O4, (b) SrFe12O19, and (c) ZnFe2O4 at a high magnification, and SEM images from the hybrid composites, 10 phr x/10 phr BaTiO3/epoxy, where x stands for (d) Fe3O4, (e) SrFe12O19, and (f) ZnFe2O4 at a low magnification.
Figure 3
Figure 3
XRD patterns of the constituents’ materials.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD patterns of the (a) Fe3O4/BaTiO3/epoxy system, (b) SrFe12O19/BaTiO3/epoxy system, and (c) ZnFe2O4/BaTiO3/epoxy system with varying magnetic phase content. Barium titanate’s (002) and (200) planes are indicated in the red dashed circle.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD patterns of the (a) Fe3O4/BaTiO3/epoxy system, (b) SrFe12O19/BaTiO3/epoxy system, and (c) ZnFe2O4/BaTiO3/epoxy system with varying magnetic phase content. Barium titanate’s (002) and (200) planes are indicated in the red dashed circle.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Magnetization curves of the three employed magnetic materials. The inset provides an enlargement of the magnetization curve of the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Magnetization curves of the hybrid PNCs with (a) Fe3O4, (b) SrFe12O19, and (c) ZnFe2O4.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Magnetization curves of the hybrid PNCs with (a) Fe3O4, (b) SrFe12O19, and (c) ZnFe2O4.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Initial magnetization curves for (a) pure magnetic nanopowders, (b) hybrid PNCs with Fe3O4, (c) hybrid PNCs with SrFe12O19, and (d) hybrid PNCs with ZnFe2O4.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Comparative magnetization curves for the hybrid PNCs with varying of the type of magnetic phase at (a) 5 phr and (b) 40 phr magnetic phase content.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Magnetic saturation and magnetic remanence as a function of (a) Fe3O4 and (b) SrFe12O19 content.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Song K., Guo J.Z., Liu C. Polymer-Based Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Their Applications. Elsevier; Amsterdam, The Netherlands: 2019.
    1. Friedrich K. Routes for achieving multifunctionality in reinforced polymers and composite structures. In: Friedrich K., Breuer U., editors. Multifunctionality of Polymer Composites. Elsevier; Amsterdam, The Netherlands: 2015. pp. 3–41.
    1. Psarras G.C. Ceramic/Polymer Nanodielectrics: Towards a Multifunctional or Smart Performance. MatSci Express. 2024;1:162–169. doi: 10.69626/mse.2024.0162. - DOI
    1. Gioti S., Sanida A., Mathioudakis G.N., Patsidis A.C., Speliotis T., Psarras G.C. Multitasking Performance of Fe3O4/BaTiO3/Epoxy Resin Hybrid Nanocomposites. Materials. 2022;15:1784. doi: 10.3390/ma15051784. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Manika G.C., Gioti S., Sanida A., Mathioudakis G.N., Speliotis T., Patsidis A.C., Psarras G.C. Multifunctional Performance of Hybrid SrFe12O19/BaTiO3/Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites. Polymers. 2022;14:4817. doi: 10.3390/polym14224817. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources