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Review
. 2025 Jul 6:8:100292.
doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100292. eCollection 2025.

A review of recent Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtypes

Deborah B Oladele  1 , Martin Swain  1 , Guy Robinson  2   3 , Amanda Clare  1 , Rachel M Chalmers  2   3
Affiliations
Review

A review of recent Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtypes

Deborah B Oladele et al. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis. .

Abstract

Cryptosporidium spp. are known to cause gastroenteritis (cryptosporidiosis) in numerous hosts, including humans. Understanding the diversity within this genus of parasites requires accurate subtyping, which is frequently performed by sequencing part of the gp60 (60-kDa glycoprotein) gene. This literature review examines Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtypes reported between December 2018 and January 2024 in humans, livestock, and non-human primates (NHPs). The review highlights emerging trends in the subtypes reported and reveals the shifting dominance of subtype families, which can be influenced by factors such as anthroponotic interactions. The C. parvum IIa and IId families remain major contributors to infections across a variety of hosts, with recent reports indicating the continued emergence of the IId family. Furthermore, previously established and newly reported subtypes detected in NHPs highlight the potential for genetic recombination between human-adapted and NHP-adapted subtypes.

Keywords: Anthroponotic; Apicomplexa; Cryptosporidium; NHP; Subtyping; Zoonotic; gp60.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum gp60 subtypes reported between December 2018 and January 2024 grouped by family. Cryptosporidium parvum families IIa and IId show the highest number of subtype reports during this period. The undesignated C. parvum family (denoted by “.“) for which only a part of the sequence is available, was found in Egypt, and the subtype family is still under confirmation.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Reported C. hominis (A) and C. parvum (B) gp60 subtypes by study publication year (December 2018 to January 2024) and WHO region where the study was carried out.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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