Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2025 Jul 19;15(7):106597.
doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i7.106597.

Mechanisms of cognitive impairment in arterial hypertension

Stanislav Nikolaevich Kotlyarov  1
Affiliations
Editorial

Mechanisms of cognitive impairment in arterial hypertension

Stanislav Nikolaevich Kotlyarov. World J Psychiatry. .

Abstract

Cognitive impairment in elderly patients with arterial hypertension is an urgent medical and social problem. This is especially important given the high prevalence of arterial hypertension. In this regard, the mechanisms of cognitive impairment are of growing interest in order to find new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In general, the main mechanisms determining the association between hypertension and cognitive impairment include imbalances in cerebral blood flow perfusion, immune and metabolic disorders, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and brain structure abnormalities. Metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance in the brain, are of growing interest as mechanisms of cognitive impairment. Comorbid diseases and target organ damage, which are common in arterial hypertension, also play an important role.

Keywords: Arterial hypertension; Blood-brain barrier; Cognitive impairment; Insulin resistance; Neuroinflammation; Type 3 diabetes hypothesis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Direct and indirect effects of arterial hypertension on cognitive impairment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Pallarés-Carratalá V, Ruiz-García A, Serrano-Cumplido A, Arranz-Martínez E, Divisón-Garrote JA, Moyá-Amengual A, Escobar-Cervantes C, Barrios V. Prevalence Rates of Arterial Hypertension According to the Threshold Criteria of 140/90 or 130/80 mmHg and Associated Cardiometabolic and Renal Factors: SIMETAP-HTN Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023;59:1846. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16:223–237. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, Reed JE, Kearney PM, Reynolds K, Chen J, He J. Global Disparities of Hypertension Prevalence and Control: A Systematic Analysis of Population-Based Studies From 90 Countries. Circulation. 2016;134:441–450. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cortese F, Cecere A, Maria Cortese A, Andriani A, Truncellito L, Valente F, Giordano P, Matteo Ciccone M. Vascular, cardiac and renal target organ damage associated to arterial hypertension: which noninvasive tools for detection? J Hum Hypertens. 2020;34:420–431. - PubMed
    1. Kućmierz J, Frąk W, Młynarska E, Franczyk B, Rysz J. Molecular Interactions of Arterial Hypertension in Its Target Organs. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:9669. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources