Dark Matter Search Results from 4.2 Tonne-Years of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

J Aalbers^{1

2}, D S Akerib^{1

2}, A K Al Musalhi³, F Alder³, C S Amarasinghe⁴, A Ames^{1

2}, T J Anderson^{1

2}, N Angelides⁵, H M Araújo⁵, J E Armstrong⁶, M Arthurs^{1

2}, A Baker⁷, S Balashov⁸, J Bang⁹, J W Bargemann⁴, E E Barillier^{10

11}, D Bauer⁵, K Beattie¹², T Benson¹³, A Bhatti⁶, A Biekert^{12

14}, T P Biesiadzinski^{1

2}, H J Birch^{10

11}, E Bishop¹⁵, G M Blockinger¹⁶, B Boxer¹⁷, C A J Brew⁸, P Brás¹⁸, S Burdin¹⁹, M Buuck^{1

2}, M C Carmona-Benitez²⁰, M Carter¹⁹, A Chawla²¹, H Chen¹², J J Cherwinka¹³, Y T Chin²⁰, N I Chott²², M V Converse²³, R Coronel^{1

2}, A Cottle³, G Cox²⁴, D Curran²⁴, C E Dahl^{25

26}, I Darlington³, S Dave³, A David³, J Delgaudio²⁴, S Dey²⁷, L de Viveiros²⁰, L Di Felice⁵, C Ding⁹, J E Y Dobson⁷, E Druszkiewicz²³, S Dubey⁹, S R Eriksen²⁸, A Fan^{1

2}, S Fayer⁵, N M Fearon²⁷, N Fieldhouse²⁷, S Fiorucci¹², H Flaecher²⁸, E D Fraser¹⁹, T M A Fruth²⁹, R J Gaitskell⁹, A Geffre²⁴, J Genovesi²², C Ghag³, A Ghosh¹⁶, R Gibbons^{12

14}, S Gokhale³⁰, J Green²⁷, M G D van der Grinten⁸, J J Haiston²², C R Hall⁶, T J Hall¹⁹, S Han^{1

2}, E Hartigan-O'Connor⁹, S J Haselschwardt^{10

12}, M A Hernandez^{10

11}, S A Hertel³¹, G Heuermann¹⁰, G J Homenides³², M Horn²⁴, D Q Huang³³, D Hunt²⁷, E Jacquet⁵, R S James³, J Johnson¹⁷, A C Kaboth²¹, A C Kamaha³³, Meghna K K¹⁶, D Khaitan²³, A Khazov⁸, I Khurana³, J Kim⁴, Y D Kim³⁴, J Kingston¹⁷, R Kirk⁹, D Kodroff¹², L Korley¹⁰, E V Korolkova³⁵, H Kraus²⁷, S Kravitz³⁶, L Kreczko²⁸, V A Kudryavtsev³⁵, C Lawes⁷, D S Leonard³⁴, K T Lesko¹², C Levy¹⁶, J Lin^{12

14}, A Lindote¹⁸, W H Lippincott⁴, M I Lopes¹⁸, W Lorenzon¹⁰, C Lu⁹, S Luitz^{1

2}, P A Majewski⁸, A Manalaysay¹², R L Mannino³⁷, C Maupin²⁴, M E McCarthy²³, G McDowell¹⁰, D N McKinsey^{12

14}, J McLaughlin²⁵, J B McLaughlin³, R McMonigle¹⁶, E Mizrachi^{6

37}, A Monte⁴, M E Monzani^{1

2

38}, J D Morales Mendoza^{1

2}, E Morrison²², B J Mount³⁹, M Murdy³¹, A St J Murphy¹⁵, A Naylor³⁵, H N Nelson⁴, F Neves¹⁸, A Nguyen¹⁵, C L O'Brien³⁶, I Olcina^{12

14}, K C Oliver-Mallory⁵, J Orpwood³⁵, K Y Oyulmaz¹⁵, K J Palladino²⁷, J Palmer²¹, N J Pannifer²⁸, N Parveen¹⁶, S J Patton¹², B Penning^{10

11}, G Pereira¹⁸, E Perry³, T Pershing³⁷, A Piepke³², Y Qie²³, J Reichenbacher²², C A Rhyne⁹, A Richards⁵, Q Riffard¹², G R C Rischbieter^{10

11}, E Ritchey⁶, H S Riyat¹⁵, R Rosero³⁰, T Rushton³⁵, D Rynders²⁴, D Santone²¹, A B M R Sazzad³², R W Schnee²², G Sehr³⁶, B Shafer⁶, S Shaw¹⁵, T Shutt^{1

2}, J J Silk⁶, C Silva¹⁸, G Sinev²², J Siniscalco³, R Smith^{12

14}, V N Solovov¹⁸, P Sorensen¹², J Soria^{12

14}, I Stancu³², A Stevens^{3

5}, K Stifter²⁶, B Suerfu^{12

14}, T J Sumner⁵, M Szydagis¹⁶, D R Tiedt²⁴, M Timalsina¹², Z Tong⁵, D R Tovey³⁵, J Tranter³⁵, M Trask⁴, M Tripathi¹⁷, A Usón¹⁵, A Vacheret⁵, A C Vaitkus⁹, O Valentino⁵, V Velan¹², A Wang^{1

2}, J J Wang³², Y Wang^{12

14}, J R Watson^{12

14}, L Weeldreyer³², T J Whitis⁴, K Wild²⁰, M Williams¹⁰, W J Wisniewski¹, L Wolf²¹, F L H Wolfs²³, S Woodford¹⁹, D Woodward^{12

20}, C J Wright²⁸, Q Xia¹², J Xu³⁷, Y Xu³³, M Yeh³⁰, D Yeum⁶, W Zha²⁰, E A Zweig³³; LZ Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA.
² Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085, USA.
³ University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
⁴ University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA.
⁵ Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
⁶ University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA.
⁷ King's College London, Department of Physics, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
⁸ STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
⁹ Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA.
¹⁰ University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.
¹¹ University of Zürich, Department of Physics, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
¹² Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA.
¹³ University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA.
¹⁴ University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA.
¹⁵ University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom.
¹⁶ University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA.
¹⁷ University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA.
¹⁸ Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal.
¹⁹ University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom.
²⁰ Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA.
²¹ Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom.
²² South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA.
²³ University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA.
²⁴ South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA.
²⁵ Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA.
²⁶ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA.
²⁷ University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom.
²⁸ University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom.
²⁹ The University of Sydney, School of Physics, Physics Road, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
³⁰ Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
³¹ University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA.
³² University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA.
³³ University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA.
³⁴ IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
³⁵ University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom.
³⁶ University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA.
³⁷ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA.
³⁸ Vatican Observatory, Castel Gandolfo, V-00120, Vatican City State.
³⁹ Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA.

PMID: 40743074
DOI: 10.1103/4dyc-z8zf

Dark Matter Search Results from 4.2 Tonne-Years of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

J Aalbers et al. Phys Rev Lett. 2025.

. 2025 Jul 2;135(1):011802.

doi: 10.1103/4dyc-z8zf.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA.
² Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085, USA.
³ University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
⁴ University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA.
⁵ Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
⁶ University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA.
⁷ King's College London, Department of Physics, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
⁸ STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
⁹ Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA.
¹⁰ University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.
¹¹ University of Zürich, Department of Physics, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
¹² Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA.
¹³ University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA.
¹⁴ University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA.
¹⁵ University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom.
¹⁶ University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA.
¹⁷ University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA.
¹⁸ Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal.
¹⁹ University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom.
²⁰ Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA.
²¹ Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom.
²² South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA.
²³ University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA.
²⁴ South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA.
²⁵ Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA.
²⁶ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA.
²⁷ University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom.
²⁸ University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom.
²⁹ The University of Sydney, School of Physics, Physics Road, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
³⁰ Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
³¹ University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA.
³² University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA.
³³ University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA.
³⁴ IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
³⁵ University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom.
³⁶ University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA.
³⁷ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA.
³⁸ Vatican Observatory, Castel Gandolfo, V-00120, Vatican City State.
³⁹ Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA.

PMID: 40743074
DOI: 10.1103/4dyc-z8zf

Abstract

We report results of a search for nuclear recoils induced by weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter using the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) two-phase xenon time projection chamber. This analysis uses a total exposure of 4.2±0.1 tonne-years from 280 live days of LZ operation, of which 3.3±0.1 tonne-years and 220 live days are new. A technique to actively tag background electronic recoils from ^{214}Pb β decays is featured for the first time. Enhanced electron-ion recombination is observed in two-neutrino double electron capture decays of ^{124}Xe, representing a noteworthy new background. After removal of artificial signal-like events injected into the dataset to mitigate analyzer bias, we find no evidence for an excess over expected backgrounds. World-leading constraints are placed on spin-independent (SI) and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections for masses ≥9 GeV/c^{2}. The strongest SI exclusion set is 2.2×10^{-48} cm^{2} at the 90% confidence level and the best SI median sensitivity achieved is 5.1×10^{-48} cm^{2}, both for a mass of 40 GeV/c^{2}.

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Dark Matter Search Results from 4.2 Tonne-Years of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Affiliations

Dark Matter Search Results from 4.2 Tonne-Years of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract