Fungal Planet description sheets: 1781-1866

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina, Septoria reinamora on leaf spots of Mutisia spinosa. Australia, Cortinarius albofolliculus on mossy soil, Cortinarius descensoriformis among leaf litter, Cortinarius kaki among leaf litter, Cortinarius lissosporus in leaf litter, Cortinarius malogranatus in leaf litter, Cortinarius meletlac on soil in mixed forest, Cortinarius sebosioides in long decayed wood litter, Helicogermslita australiensis as an endophyte from healthy leaves of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, Puccinia clemensiorum on culms of Eleocharis ochrostachys, Puccinia geethae on leaves of Cyperus brevifolius, Puccinia marjaniae on leaves of Nymphoides indica, Puccinia scleriae-rugosae on leaves of Scleria rugosa. Brazil, Dactylaria calliandrae on living leaf of Calliandra tweediei, Mucor cerradoensis from soil, Musicillium palmae on living leaves of unidentified palm species, Neodendryphiella agapanthi from stalks of Agapanthus praecox, Parafusicladium riodejaneiroanum on living leaves of native bamboo, Parapenidiella melastomatis on living leaves of unidentified Melastomataceae, Pararamichloridium ouropretoense on living leaves of unidentified Poaceae, Pentagonomyces endophyticus (incl. Pentagonomyces gen. nov.) as endophytic from roots of Musa acuminata, Polyschema endophytica from healthy roots of coffee plant, Purimyces endophyticus as root endophyte of Cattleya locatellii, Ramularia rhododendri on living leaves of Rhododendron sp., Staphylotrichum soli from soil, Trichoderma sexdentis from leaves inside a nest of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Wiesneriomyces soli from soil. France, Cosmospora nemaniae on dead or effete stromata of Nemania cf. colliculosa, Inocybe alnobetulae in subalpine green alder stands, Stylonectria hygrophila on dead twigs of Betula pubescens. Germany, Coniochaeta corticalis from bark humus, Coniochaeta fermentaria from fermentation residues from biogas plants, Coniochaeta fibricola from softwood fibres, Coniochaeta weberae from bark humus, Inocybe canicularis on calcareous to more acidic soil with conifers. Iceland, Inocybe islandica associated with Dryas octopetala. India, Vishniacozyma indica on dead twigs. Iran, Botryotrichum lycii on rotten leaf of Lycium depressum. Italy, Cuphophyllus dolomiticus among Salix retusa, Salix reticulata and Dryas octopetala, Inocybe subentolomospora on moss with the presence of Alnus incana, Populus nigra and Salix spp. Malaysia, Catenulostroma pellitae on leaf spots of Eucalyptus pellita. Mexico, Colletotrichum mexicanus from fruit of Persea americana cv. Hass. New Caledonia (France), Cortinarius caeloculus, Cortinarius luteigemellus and Cortinarius perpensus on soil under Nothofagus aequilateralis. New Zealand, Cytospora braithwaitei on branch of Malus domestica. Pakistan, Callistosporium khalidii on humus soil, Entoloma lilacinum on litter in conifer forest, Laccaria decolorans on litter in broad-leaved subtropical forest. Poland, Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum from resin of Larix decidua ssp. polonica, Tuberculiforma enigmatica isolated from sooty mould community on Quercus robur leaves. Portugal, Clavulus hemisphaericus (incl. Clavulus gen. nov.) on mossy slopes and under Laurus leaf litter, Entoloma daegae on sandy, granitic soil, Hygrocybe aurantiocitrina under laurel forest, Hygrocybe sanguineolutea gregarious in laurel forest, Hygrocybe vulcanica on mossy areas of laurel forest areas, Pachyphlodes algarvensis on sandy soil under Cistus salvifolius, Quercus suber and Pinus pinea. South Africa, Amycosphaerella podalyriae on leaf of Podalyria calyptrata, Erythrobasidium eucalypti from the gut of Gonipterus sp., Letendraea goniomae on leaves of Gonioma kamassi, Pezicula brabeji and Sphaerulina brabeji on twigs of Brabejum stellatifolium, Stachybotrys conicosiae on dead flower head of Conicosia elongata, Talaromyces ignescens from soil. Spain, Cortinarius phaeobrunneus on soil under Quercus ilex and Q. faginea, Inocybe pini-halepensis among grass and fallen leaves of Pinus halepensis, Inocybe subporcorum in sandy soils under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota and Pinus pinaster, Mycena morenoi on dead leaves of Betula pubescens and Salix atrocinerea, Pachyphlodes iberica on clayey and loamy soil under Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia, Ramariopsis coronata in laurel forest. Switzerland, Inocybe minata in a bog on very wet acidic soil with Salix spp. and Betula spp. Thailand, Hypocrella khonsanitii on scale insects (Coccidae), Petchiella hymenopterorum on hymenopteran pupae in the nest (Hymenoptera). Trinidad and Tobago, Neodevriesia maravalensis from office swab. Türkiye, Russula anatolica under Quercus vulcanica. UK, Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae (incl. Paracylindrosporium gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Dactylorhiza sp., Niesslia hepworthiae and Niesslia libertiae on living leaves of Libertia grandiflora. Ukraine, Lichenohendersonia cetrariae on thallus of terricolous Cetraria aculeata. USA, Atromagnispora indianensis (incl. Atromagnispora gen. nov.) on submerged wood in a freshwater stream, Cytospora michiganensis from utility room (settle plate), Exophiala aeris from air (settle plate), Hongoboletus americanus from mixed pine-hardwood forest, Lorrainsmithia pennsylvanica from bedroom, air, Superstratomyces massachusettsanus from lyse buffer. Vietnam, Aspergillus halopiscium on dry marine anchovy Stolephorus commersonnii. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Catcheside DEA, Catcheside PS, Alfenas AC, Alfenas RF, Barreto RW, Lebel T, Balashov S, Broadbridge J, Jurjević Ž, De la Peña-Lastra S, Hoffmann R, Mateos A, Riebesehl J, Shivas RG, Soliz Santander FF, Tan YP, Altés A, Bandini D, Carriconde F, Cazabonne J, Czachura P, Gryta H, Eyssartier G, Larsson E, Pereira OL, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Wingfield MJ, Ahmad W, Bibi S, Denman S, Esteve-Raventós F, Hussain S, Illescas T, Luangsa-ard JJ, Möller L, Mombert A, Noisripoom W, Olariaga I, Pancorbo F, Paz A, Piątek M, Polman-Short C, Suárez E, Afshan NS, Ali H, Arzanlou M, Ayer F, Barratt J, Bellanger J-M, Bidaud A, Bishop-Hurley SL, Bohm M, Bose T, Campo E, Chau NB, Çolak ÖF, Cordeiro TRL, Cruz MO, Custódio FA, Couceiro A, Darmostuk V, Dearnaley JDW, de Azevedo Santiago ALCM, de Freitas LWS, de J Yáñez-Morales M, Domnauer C, Dentinger B, Dhileepan K, De Souza JT, Dovana F, Eberhardt U, Eisvand P, Erhard A, Fachada V, García-Martín A, Groenewald M, Hammerbacher A, Harms K, Haroon S, Haqnawaz M, Henriques S, Hernández AJ, Jacobus LM, Jaen-Contreras D, Jangsantear P, Kaygusuz O, Knoppersen R, Kumar TKA, Lynch MJ, Mahiques R, Maraia GL, Marbach PAS, Mehrabi-Koushki M, Miller PR, Mongkolsamrit S, Moreau P-A, Oberlies NH, Oliveira JA, Orlovich D, Pérez-Méndez AS, Pinto A, Raja HA, Ramírez GH, Raphael B, Rodrigues A, Rodrigues H, Ramos DO, Safi A, Sarwar S, Saar I, Sánchez RM, Santana JS, Scrace J, Sales LS, Silva LNP, Stryjak-Bogacka M, Tacconi A, Thanh VN, Thomas A, Thuy NT, Toome M, Valdez-Carrazco JM, van Vuuren NI, Vasey J, Vauras J, Vila-Viçosa C, Villarreal M, Visagie CM, Vizzini A, Whiteside EJ, Groenewald JZ. (2025). Fungal Planet description sheets: 1781-1866. Persoonia 54: 327-587. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.10.

Keywords: ITS nrDNA barcodes; LSU; new taxa; systematics.

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Pezicula ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Cadophora africana (GLMC 1892; GenBank NR_170763) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 49 strains including the outgroup; 538 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 214 distinct patterns, 111 parsimony-informative, 67 singleton sites, 360 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: SYM+I+R2. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Pezicula brabeji

Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Ploettnerulaceae rpb2 nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Lachnum imbecille [TK7121 (S, TUR); GenBank MT228683] and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Families, orders and the class are shown to the right of the tree in coloured blocks. The root branch was shortened to facilitate layout. Alignment statistics: 69 strains including the outgroup; 824 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 447 distinct patterns, 323 parsimony-informative, 45 singleton sites, 456 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: SYM+I+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Amycosphaerella actA nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Ramularia stellariicola (CBS 130592; GenBank KX287797) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 24 strains including the outgroup; 526 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 168 distinct patterns, 124 parsimony-informative, 34 singleton sites, 368 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TPM2u+F+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Amycosphaerella podalyriae

Ramularia rhododendri Staphylotrichum soli

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Ramularia rpb2/ITS/actA/gapdh/tef1 nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers. For GenBank accession numbers of included sequences, see Videira et al. (2016). Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Zymoseptoria halophila (CBS 128854) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 35 strains including the outgroup; 2509 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 910 distinct patterns, 708 parsimony-informative, 232 singleton sites, 1569 constant sites. The best-fit models identified for the different partitions in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: rpb2: TN+F+G4; ITS: TNe+I+R2; actA: TIM2e+G4; gapdh: HKY+F+I+G4; tef1: TIM3+F+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Staphylotrichum ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Neurospora dictyophora (CBS 529.95; GenBank NR_163513) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 36 strains including the outgroup; 571 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 164 distinct patterns, 53 parsimony-informative, 103 singleton sites, 415 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TNe+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Stachybotrys ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Fusarium boothii (NRRL 29011; GenBank NR_121203) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 46 strains including the outgroup; 584 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 224 distinct patterns, 105 parsimony-informative, 75 singleton sites, 404 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TNe+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Stachybotrys conicosiae

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Wiesneriomyces ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Tubeufia longiseta (MFLUCC 15-0188; GenBank NR_154512) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 40 strains including the outgroup; 670 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 392 distinct patterns, 267 parsimony-informative, 79 singleton sites, 324 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TIM2e+I+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Wiesneriomyces soli

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Exophiala ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Penicillium coffeae (NRRL 35363; GenBank NR_121312) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 23 strains including the outgroup; 634 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 273 distinct patterns, 164 parsimony-informative, 123 singleton sites, 347 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TIM2+F+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Exophiala aeris

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Sphaerulina ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Ramularia endophylla (CBS 113265; GenBank KF251329) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 33 strains including the outgroup; 584 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 153 distinct patterns, 90 parsimony-informative, 44 singleton sites, 450 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TN+F+I+R2. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Sphaerulina brabeji

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Neodendryphiella ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Vrystaatia aloeicola (CBS 135107; GenBank KF251278) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 23 strains including the outgroup; 579 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 330 distinct patterns, 187 parsimony-informative, 80 singleton sites, 312 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TIM2e+R2. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Neodendryphiella agapanthi

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Parapenidiella ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Dissoconium aciculare (STEU 1534; GenBank NR_119427) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 24 strains including the outgroup; 547 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 241 distinct patterns, 147 parsimony-informative, 58 singleton sites, 342 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TIM2+F+I. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Parapenidiella melastomatis

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Pararamichloridium ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Phaeoacremonium venezuelense (CBS 651.85; GenBank NR_136062) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 10 strains including the outgroup; 632 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 244 distinct patterns, 134 parsimony-informative, 87 singleton sites, 411 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TIM2+F+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Pararamichloridium ouropretoense

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Parafusicladium ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Ramularia endophylla (CBS 113265; GenBank KF251220) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: nine strains including the outgroup; 532 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 154 distinct patterns, 107 parsimony-informative, 100 singleton sites, 325 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TNe+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Parafusicladium riodejaneiroanum

The single most parsimonious tree obtained from a maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis (PAUP* v. 4.0a; Swofford 2003) of the Stylonectria ITS nucleotide alignment. The tree was rooted to Fusarium boothii (NRRL 29011; GenBank NR_121203) and the scale bar indicates the number of changes. Parsimony bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates and > 74 % are shown at the nodes and the the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. Alignment statistics: 23 strains including the outgroup; 529 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 379 constant, 94 variable and parsimony-uninformative and 56 parsimony-informative. Tree statistics: Tree Length = 231, Consistency Index = 0.870, Retention Index = 0.904, Rescaled Consistency Index = 0.786. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Stylonectria hygrophila

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Musicillium rpb2 nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Monilochaetes infuscans (CBS 379.77; GenBank GU180658) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 28 strains including the outgroup; 743 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 275 distinct patterns, 242 parsimony-informative, 47 singleton sites, 454 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TN+F+I+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Musicillium palmae

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Amphisphaeriales LSU nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Candida broadrunensis (CBS 11838; GenBank KY106372) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Families, orders and the classes are shown to the right of the tree in coloured blocks. The root branch was shortened to facilitate layout. Alignment statistics: 53 strains including the outgroup; 835 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 243 distinct patterns, 193 parsimony-informative, 102 singleton sites, 540 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: GTR+F+R3. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Dactylaria calliandrae

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Cosmospora tef1 (first part) nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Ramularia endophylla (CBS 113265; GenBank KF253176) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Alignment statistics: 47 strains including the outgroup; 381 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 345 distinct patterns, 234 parsimony-informative, 59 singleton sites, 88 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TPM2u+F+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Cosmospora nemaniae

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Neodevriesia ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Teratosphaeria fibrillosa (CBS 121707; GenBank NR_145094) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. The root branch was shortened to facilitate layout. Alignment statistics: 49 strains including the outgroup; 570 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 291 distinct patterns, 155 parsimony-informative, 90 singleton sites, 325 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TNe+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Neodevriesia maravalensis

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Niesslia ITS/tub2 nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Trichoderma atroviride (MUS91; GenBank ON508868.1/OM674454.) and the novelties described in this set are highlighted with coloured blocks and bold font. Alignment statistics: 37 strains including the outgroup; 1127 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 683 distinct patterns, 423 parsimony-informative, 140 singleton sites, 564 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: ITS: TIM2+F+I+G4; tub2: TN+F+I+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Niesslia hepworthiae

Niesslia libertiae

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Letendraea ITS nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Pleospora iqbalii (CBS 362.69; GenBank NR_160118) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. The root branch was shortened to facilitate layout. Alignment statistics: 37 strains including the outgroup; 674 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 188 distinct patterns, 87 parsimony-informative, 89 singleton sites, 498 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TNe+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Letendraea goniomae

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Pleosporales LSU nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Ramularia endophylla (CBS 113265; GenBank KF251723) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Families, orders and the class are shown to the left and right of the tree in coloured blocks. Some branches were shortened to facilitate layout. Alignment statistics: 60 strains including the outgroup; 812 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 279 distinct patterns, 209 parsimony-informative, 63 singleton sites, 540 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TN+F+I+R3. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Lorrainsmithia pennsylvanica

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Mycosphaerellales LSU nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Cladosporium oxysporum (CBS 125991; GenBank NG_069948) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Families, the order and the class are shown to the right of the tree in coloured blocks. The root branch was shortened to facilitate layout. Alignment statistics: 104 strains including the outgroup; 756 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 266 distinct patterns, 172 parsimony-informative, 58 singleton sites, 526 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: TIM2e+I+R3. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Catenulostroma pellitae

Most likely phylogram obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis with IQ-TREE v. 2.4.0 (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Minh et al. 2020, Mo et al. 2023) of the Cytospora ITS/actA/rpb2/tef1/tub2 nucleotide alignment. Bootstrap support values from 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates are shown at the nodes (> 74 % are shown), preceded by the SH-aLRT test value (only shown if the node has > 74 % bootstrap support). Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers are indicated for all species. For GenBank accession numbers of included sequences, see Lin et al. (2024). Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. The tree was rooted to Diaporthe vaccinii (CBS 160.32) and the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font.. The root branch was shortened to facilitate layout. Alignment statistics: 60 strains including the outgroup; 2756 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 1319 distinct patterns, 933 parsimony-informative, 196 singleton sites, 1627 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for each partition in IQ-TREE using the TESTNEW option was: ITS: TIM2e+I+G4; actA: TIM2e+G4; rpb2: TNe+G4; tef1: TPM2u+F+I+G4; tub2: HKY+F+I+G4. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Cytospora michiganensis

The first of two equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis (PAUP* v. 4.0a; Swofford 2003) of the Superstratomyces ITS nucleotide alignment. The tree was rooted to Eremomyces bilateralis (CBS 781.70; GenBank NR_145364) and the scale bar indicates the number of changes. Parsimony bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates and > 74 % are shown at the nodes and the the novelty described here is highlighted with a coloured block and bold font. Culture collection or specimen voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers (superscript) are indicated for all species. Sequences from material with a type status are indicated in bold font. Branches present in the strict consensus tree are thickened. Alignment statistics: 28 strains including the outgroup; 715 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 303 constant, 379 variable and parsimony-uninformative and 33 parsimony-informative. Tree statistics: Tree Length = 459, Consistency Index = 0.965, Retention Index = 0.863, Rescaled Consistency Index = 0 833. The alignment and tree were deposited at figshare.com (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29050751).

Superstratomyces massachusettsanus

Maximum likelihood tree based on cmdA, ITS, rpb2, and tub2 sequences of Aspergillus halopiscium and related Aspergillus species. The maximum likelihood analysis was performed using the Tamura-Nei model (Tamura & Nei 1993) in MEGA v. 12 (Kumar et al. 2024). Bootstrap support values greater than 50 % are given at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are indicated (superscript). Novel taxa are indicated in bold. Ex-type strains are indicated with asterisks (*).

Aspergillus halopiscium

Atromagnispora indianensis

Phylogram of the most likely tree (-lnL = 20235.978) from an IQ-TREE v. 2.2.0 analysis (Nguyen et al. 2015) of 43 taxa based on ITS, partial 28S nrRNA, and tef1-α (alignment length 4337 bp) under the Edge-linked partition model for 5000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates (Minh et al. 2013) using PhyloSuite v. 1.2.3 (Xiang et al. 2023). Numbers refer to UFBoot support values ≥ 90 %. Nodes ≥ 95 % are considered strongly supported. Thickened branches indicate significant Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 95 %. Bayesian analyses were run for 10 M generations using MrBayes v. 3.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012) under the GTR+G model for the ITS region, the TIEMF+I+G model for the partial 28S nRNA gene region, and TRN+G model for tef1-α using PartitionFinder2 (Lanfear et al. 2017). ClipKit (https://dev-clipkit.genomelybio.com/#/) (Steenwyk et al. 2020) was used to remove ambiguous characters from the alignments of each region prior to concatenation using SequenceMatrix v.1.0 (Vaidya et al. 2011). The new genus is highlighted in bold. Scale bar indicates the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Taxon sampling was performed as per Dan-Feng et al. (2021) and Boonmee et al. (2021).

RAxML phylogenetic tree constructed from a maximum likelihood analysis based on the combined ITS, tub2 and rpb2 sequences of Botryotrichum species. The tree was rooted to Chaetomium globosum strain CBS 160.62. Bootstrap support values (MLBS, MPBS, respectively) obtained in maximum likelihood (ML, TrN + G) and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses > 50 % and Bayesian posterior probability values (BPP) ≥ 0.5 are shown at the nodes, respectively (Software used: ML: raxmlGUI v. 2.0 beta, Edler et al. 2019; MP: MEGA v. 7, Tamura et al. 2013; BI: jModelTest 2 and MrBayes v. 3.2.6, Darriba et al. 2012, Ronquist et al. 2012). The new taxon is indicated in bold.

Botryotrichum lycii

The concatenated ITS dataset was analysed using the RAxML-HPC2 v. 8.2.10 tool on the XSEDE platform within CIPRES Gateway v. 3.1 (Miller et al. 2010, Stamatakis 2014). This analysis incorporated 1000 bootstrap replicates and employed the GTR + Gamma substitution model. The resulting tree was visualized using FigTree v. 1.4.2 (Rambaut 2014). The novel species is shown in bold font.

Callistosporium khalidii

Clavulus hemisphaericus

Best tree of the Maximum Likelihood analysis in IQ-TREE 1.16.12 (Nguyen et al. 2015) of selected sequences of Clavariales from a concatenated dataset of the 5.8S-28S-18S-RPB1-RPB2-TEF1-regions. Maximum Likelihood standard bootstrap support values (ML-Boot)/Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown on branches, ordered as ML-UFBoot/PP. Thickened branches received support in both analyses (ML-Boot ≥ 70 % and/or PP ≥ 0.95). Values are provided for nodes supported at least in one analysis. Genera are indicated by vertical bars.

Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS, act, chs-1, gapdh and tub2 sequences alignments of Colletotrichum mexicanus. Bayesian posterior probability (pp ≥ 0.90) values are indicated at the nodes. Culture collection numbers are indicated for all species and GenBank accession numbers in the supplementary table. Monilochaetes infuscans (CBS 869.96) was the outgroup and the novelty described highlighted with coloured block and the type specimen with bold font. Twenty-five strains of Colletotrichum spp. and the outgroup were included. The tree was constructed with MrBayes v. 3.2 software (Ronquist et al. 2012), and the Mesquite v. 3.7 software (Maddison & Maddison 2021) was used to view and edit the matrices. A Bayesian analysis using the General Time Reversible model was selected, with likelihood parameters settings number of substitution types (nst = 6), with a proportion of sites invariable and the rest drawn from the gamma distribution (rate = invgamma) with 2 M generations sampled every 100 generations. The first 250000 generations were discarded as the chains were converging (burn-in period). The scale bar shows the number of expected changes per site. T (ex-holotype) and ET (ex-epitype) (superscript) = type strains used in this analysis.

Colletotrichum mexicanus

Maximum Likelihood tree obtained by analysis of ITS sequences from C. corticalis, C. fermentaria, C. fibricola, C. weberae (bold, yellow) and other Coniochaeta species, based on available sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted in MEGA v. 11 (Tamura et al. 2021) using the K2+G+I model suggested by the MEGA v. 11 model selection tool with 95 % site coverage cutoff, partial deletion for gap treatment and 1000 bootstrap replications. The underlying alignment was calculated by MAFFT v. 7 (Katoh et al. 2019) using the L-INS-i method. Sequences from type material are labelled with (T).

Coniochaeta corticalis

Coniochaeta fermentaria

Coniochaeta fibricola

Coniochaeta weberae

Synthetic maximum likelihood (ML) tree of Cortinarius sect. Anomali and closely related sections showing the phylogenetic positions of the three newly described species from New Caledonia. The tree is based on a nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences alignment. Sequences of well defined species are collapsed (see complete tree in supplementary material). Sequences of the New Caledonian species are in bold and colored in red, blue and green for Cortinarius luteigemellus, Cortinarius caeloculus and Cortinarius perpensus respectively. The tree is rooted with Cortinarius bolaris. The ML bootstrap support values above 50 % are presented. The scale bar gives the expected number of changes per site. Symbols refer to the geographic origin of accessions included in the complete tree (see legend).

Cortinarius caeloculus

Cortinarius luteigemellus

Cortinarius perpensus

RAxML v. 8 (Stamatakis 2014) phylogenetic tree obtained for ITS-nrDNA from a selection of species in Cortinarius section Obtusi and other taxa. Bold lines indicate posterior probabilities and bootstrap support values (MrBayes v. 3.2.6; Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2001) from maximum likelihood (≥ 0.75 PP / ≥ 50 % BS; values below these are not shown). Bold text indicates sequences generated for this study. Genus abbreviations (names as in GenBank): Cort. =Cortinarius, Thaxt. = Thaxterogaster, Protogl. = Protoglossum.

Cortinarius meletlac

Bayesian inference phylogenetic analysis of 32 ITS sequences representing subsect. Furvolaesi as introduced by Liimatainen et al. (2020). Numbers on branches indicate SH-aLRT and BPP support values, significant when ≥ 0.82 and ≥ 95 %, respectively. Sequences newly generated for the present study are highlighted in bold and those from type material are marked by a suffix superscript T. The asterisk indicates a likely wrong sequence according to Schmidt-Stohn et al. (2025). All analyses were performed online at NGphylogeny.fr (Lemoine et al. 2019).

Cortinarius phaeobrunneus

RAxML v. 8 (Stamatakis 2014) phylogenetic tree obtained from the ITS-LSU-nrDNA for a selection of cortinarioid species. Bold lines indicate bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (≥ 50 % BS, values below this threshold not shown). Bold red text indicates sequences generated for this study: C. malogranatus sp. nov., C. lissosporus sp. nov., C. kaki sp. nov., C. descensiformis sp. nov., C. sebosioides sp. nov., and C. albofolliculus sp. nov. Genus abbreviations (names as in GenBank): Cort. =Cortinarius, Thaxt. = Thaxterogaster, Volvan. = Volvanarius, Phlegm. = Phlegmacium, Aureon. = Aureonarius, Cystin. = Cystinarius, Calon. = Calonarius.

Cortinarius albofolliculus

Cortinarius descensoriformis

Cortinarius kaki

Cortinarius lissosporus

Cortinarius malogranatus

Cortinarius sebosioides

Phylogram obtained using PAUP v. 4.0a (Swofford 2003) based on ITS and LSU data showing the position of C. dolomiticus among its closest relatives. Heuristic searches with 1000 random-addition sequence replicates and tree bisection-reconnection (TBR) branch swapping were performed. Relative robustness of clades was assessed by the bootstrap method using 1000 heuristic search replicates with 100 random taxon addition sequence replicates and TBR branch swapping. Bootstrap support values are indicated on branches. Cuphophyllus dolomiticus is marked in bold and highlighted with a coloured block, and the holotype indicated.

Cuphophyllus dolomiticus

Maximum likelihood (GTR + G + I) tree illustrating the phylogenetic placement of the Cytospora braithwaitei examined here (in bold). This tree is based on the alignment of concatenated ITS and LSU, act and rpb2 sequences. Branches are labelled with bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % across 1000 bootstrapping replicates, and type specimens are denoted by a superscript “T”. Cytospora eucalypticola CBS 144237 was used as an outgroup. This tree was constructed using RAxML v. 8.2.11 (Stamatakis 2014) as provided through Geneious Prime v. 2021.1.1.

Cytospora braithwaitei

Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree based upon concatenated ITS+LSU sequences of Entoloma species depicting phylogenetic relationships. The analysis was carried out using the IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 tool (Nguyen et al. 2015) and a Bayesian analysis using MrBayes v. 3.2.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Node support values (ML bootstrap / BI posterior probability) are indicated at the nodes. The novel species from this study is shown in bold and blue font.

Entoloma lilacinum

Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showing the ITS relationship between E. daegae (highlighted brown) and its neighbouring species, particularly within section Poliopodes (highlighted beige). The outgroup was set with Entoloma serrulatum. Node values represent ultrafast bootstrap (ufb) above .60, obtained with IQ-TREE v. 2.2.2.6 (Minh et al. 2020) by generating 2 runs of 10000 samples, using the TPM2u+F+G4 model. Names in bold represent type specimens; asterisks mark sequences produced in this study.

Entoloma daegae

The maximum likelihood (ML) tree of fungal species from the genus Erythrobasidium for which ITS, LSU and/or SSU sequences were available. The tree was constructed with IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Minh et al. 2020) using the concatenated dataset (ITS, LSU, SSU) with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Bayesian analysis of the dataset was done using MrBayes v. 3.2.7a (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2001). Bannoa pseudofoliicola and B. guamensis served as the outgroup taxa. Branch labels indicate ML bootstrap support values / Bayesian posterior probabilities. Only bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % and posterior probability ≥ 0.80 are shown. The isolate recovered in this study is in brown font. GenBank accession numbers are listed as suffixes after each taxon (ITS/LSU/SSU). T = ex-type sequence. The alignment and tree were deposited in Mendeley Data (doi: 10.17632/yrvh385zsb.1)

Erythrobasidium eucalypti

Maximum Likelihood tree produced from an analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences from H. australiensis and related Helicogermslita species in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted in MEGA v. 11 (Tamura et al. 2021) using a ClustalW alignment, Kimura 2 parameters, Gamma distribution with invariant sites and 1000 bootstrap re-samplings were used to build the tree. Bootstrap support values less than 70 % are not shown, and Xylaria subtropicalis (Xylariaceae) was used as an outgroup to root the tree. The taxon described here is bold and in red font. Other type species in the tree are bold in black font. Species are also labelled with the accession numbers for the sequences used in the tree.

Helicogermslita australiensis

The most probable maximum likelihood (ML) tree obtained from the ITS + LSU (GenBank accession numbers in supplementary table) alignment showing on the branches the ML bootstrap (ML-bs) support values and Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) values (ML-bs/BPP) considered significant (ML-bs ≥ 80 % and BPP values ≥ 95 %), calculated with IQ-TREE v. 2.1.3 (Nguyen et al. 2015) and MrBayes v. 3.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012), respectively. The novel species is highlighted in green. Sequences from type material are indicated with a T.

Hygrocybe vulcanica

Phylogram distinguishing Hongoboletus americanus. The Maximum-Likelihood phylogram was obtained using IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 and consists of available ITS sequences of known Hongoboletus species, with Crocinoboletus as an outgroup (Trifinopoulos et al. 2016). The support values at the nodes are based on 1000 bootstrap replicates.The novel species is shown in bold font. Scale bar shows substitutions per site.

Hongoboletus americanus

The most probable maximum likelihood (ML) tree obtained from the ITS + LSU alignment showing on the branches the ML bootstrap (ML-bs) support values and Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) values (ML-bs/BPP) considered significant (ML-bs ≥ 80 % and BPP values ≥ 95 %), calculated with IQ-TREE v. 2.1.3 (Nguyen et al. 2015) and MrBayes v. 3.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012), respectively. The novel species is highlighted in green. Sequences from type material are indicated with a T.

Hygrocybe aurantiocitrina

Hygrocybe sanguineolutea

Maximum likelihood tree of H. khonsanitii and phylogenetically closely related species based on a 2464 bp combined dataset comprising LSU, tef1 and rpb1 sequences. Analyses were performed using RAxML v. 8.2.12 (Stamatakis 2014) and MrBayes v. 3.2.7a (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2001) with 5 M generations and MrModeltest v. 2.2 (Nylander 2004) under the SYM+G model. RAxML boostrap values > 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities > 0.7 are represented on the nodes. The new species proposed in the present study is highlighted and indicated in bold text.

Hypocrella khonsanitii

Most likely tree of the Maximum Likelihood analysis of nodulose-spored species of Xanthomelas group inferred from the ITS and LSU regions generated by IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Trifinopoulos et al. 2016) using 1000 bootstrap replicates. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values (ML-BS) ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 are shown on the thick branches and ordered as ML-BS/BPP. The BI analysis was performed with MrBayes v. 3.2.7a (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003). Voucher numbers and the nucleotide accession numbers are indicated for all species retrieved from GenBank and generated in this study, as well as country ISO alpha3 code abbreviations. Type collections are indicated in superscript by their initials: HT = holotype, ET = epitype, IT = isotype, LT = lectotype and PT = paratype. The tree was rooted with collections of Inocybe mixtilis and I. occulta. The new species described here is embedded in the coloured rectangle. The sequences generated in this study are highlighted in bold. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide changes per site.

Inocybe alnobetulae

Maximum Likelihood phylogram obtained from a MAFFT (v. 7.526, Katoh et al. 2019) alignment and analysed by IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Trifinopoulos et al. 2016, Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Hoang et al. 2018) based on ITS and LSU data, showing the position of Inocybe canicularis within the I. decipiens clade. Sequences are identified by GenBank accession numbers. Support values were obtained from 1000 replicates of SH-like approximate likelihood ratio tests (SH-aLRT) and ultrafast bootstrap (ufb). Support values ≥ 80 % were given for SH-aLRT and ≥ 95 % for ufb; * indicate type sequences or sequences that matched the respective type sequence with ≥ 99 % similarity BLAST searches. For species names without * we were not aware of published type sequences. The clade of the new species is indicated in yellow. Names of species discussed as similar are indicated in blue.

Inocybe canicularis

Phylogram obtained using PAUP v. 4.0a (Swofford 2003) based on ITS and LSU data showing the position of I. islandica among its closest relatives. Heuristic searches with 1000 random-addition sequence replicates and tree bisection-reconnection (TBR) branch swapping were performed. Relative robustness of clades was assessed by the bootstrap method using 1000 heuristic search replicates with 100 random taxon addition sequence replicates and TBR branch swapping. Bootstrap support values are indicated on branches. Inocybe islandica is marked in bold and a coloured block, the holotype is indicated.

Inocybe islandica

Bayesian inference (BI) analysis of the ITS alignment was performed with MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012), applying default values of prior settings, the first 100 K generations without a stable likelihood score were discarded. Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis was performed with RAxML (Stamatakis 2014) using raxmlGUI v. 2.0 (Edler et al. 2020). The best-fit model estimated in raxmlGUI v. 2.0 using ModelTest-NG (Darriba et al. 2019) was TPM2uf. The best tree of the BI analysis is presented. The novel species is highlighted in a light green box, types are in bold. Bootstrap support values from 1000 bootstrap replicates are shown above (≥ 70 %) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95) below nodes. The tree was rooted to the sequences of Inocybe relicina, the type of the genus.

Inocybe minata

Most likely tree of the Maximum Likelihood analysis of smooth-spored species of Inocybe inferred from the ITS and LSU regions generated by IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Trifinopoulos et al. 2016) using 1000 bootstrap replicates. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values (ML-BS) ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 are shown on the thick branches and ordered as ML-BS/BPP. The BI analysis was performed with MrBayes v. 3.2.7a (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003). Voucher numbers and the nucleotide accession numbers are indicated for all species retrieved from GenBank and generated in this study, as well as country ISO alpha3 code abbreviations. Type collections are indicated in superscript by their initials: HT = holotype, ET = epitype, IT = isotype and LT = lectotype. The tree was rooted with sequences of Inocybe virgatula and I. dryadiana. The new species described here is embedded in the coloured rectangle. The sequences generated in this study are highlighted in bold. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide changes per site.

Inocybe pini-halepensis

Most likely tree of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of Inocybe sect. Leptocybe species (sequences retrieved from the dataset used in Gao et al. 2024) inferred from the ITS/RPB2 regions generated by IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Trifinopoulos et al. 2016). The reliability of the clades was evaluated using the SH-like approximate likelihood ratio test (with 1000 replicates) (Guindon et al. 2010) and the ultrafast bootstrap approximation (UFB) (also with 1000 replicates) (Hoang et al. 2018). SH-like approximate likelihood ratio test (SH-aLRT) ≥ 80 % and ML ultrafast bootstrap support (ML-UBS) ≥ 95 % are shown above branches. Voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers are indicated in the tree ITS/RPB2. The tree was rooted to Inocybe acuta (DB24-8-15-7) and Inocybe subentolomospora is highlighted with bold font.

Inocybe subentolomospora

Most likely tree of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of nodulose-spored species of Giacomi and Proximella group inferred from the ITS and LSU regions generated by IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Trifinopoulos et al. 2016) using 1000 bootstrap replicates. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values (ML-BS) ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 are shown on the thick branches and ordered as ML-BS/BPP. The BI analysis was performed with MrBayes v. 3.2.7a (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003). Voucher numbers and the nucleotide accession numbers are indicated for all species retrieved from GenBank and generated in this study, as well as country ISO alpha3 code abbreviations. Type collections are indicated in superscript: HT = holotype. The tree was rooted with sequences of Inocybe glabrodisca, I. goniopusio and I. pseudoasterospora. The new species described here is embedded in the coloured rectangle. The sequences generated in this study are highlighted in bold. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide changes per site.

Inocybe subporcorum

Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree based on the concatenated ITS+LSU sequences of Laccaria species depicting phylogenetic relationships. The analysis was carried out using IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Nguyen et al. 2015) and Bayesian analysis using MrBayes v. 3.2.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Support values at each branch (ML bootstrap / BI posterior probability) are indicated at the nodes. Sequences from this study are shown in bold and blue font.

Laccaria decolorans

Phylogenetic relationships of Lichenohendersonia (highlighted with bold font) inferred from Bayesian Inference analysis (BI) of a combined ITS, LSU and tef1 data set. Two specimens of Quixadomyces hongheensis were used as the outgroup. Thickened branches represent either Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.97 and/or bootstrap support values ≥ 70 %. Maximum likelihood analyses were carried out using a heuristic search as implemented in IQ-TREE v. 2.1.2 on XSEDE (Nguyen et al. 2015) and 100 bootstrap interactions on 1000 replicates to estimate branch support. Bayesian inference of the phylogenetic relationships was calculated using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach as implemented in MrBayes v. 3.2.6 on XSEDE (Ronquist et al. 2012). Sequences from material with a type status are indicated by superscript T.

Lichenohendersonia cetrariae

Maximum Likelihood tree based on ITS and LSU sequences of Mucor were conducted in RAxML v. 8.2.12, in the CIPRES science gateway (Miller et al. 2010). Bayesian inference (BI) was conducted in MrBayes on XSEDE v. 3.2.7a (Ronquist et al. 2012). The substitution model GTR+G+I was used for the alignment in the ML and GTR+G in the BI analyses. Confidence values for ML-BS ≥ 70 % (UFboot2/RAxML) and BPP ≥ 0.95 are included near the nodes and the “-” indicates statistical support below the threshold values (Trifinopoulos et al. 2016). The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The species obtained in this study is in bold, orange. Ex-type strains are marked with an asterisk (*) and GenBank accession numbers (superscript; ITS/LSU) are indicated for all species in supplementary material. The tree was rooted to Backusella circina (CBS 128.70).

Mucor cerradoensis

Phylogenetic relationships of M. morenoi reconstructed from an unpartitioned ITS dataset. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses were performed using IQ-TREE v. 2.2.0 (Nguyen et al. 2015). Branch support was assessed through 1000 replicates of standard non-parametric bootstrapping (Felsenstein 1985). The Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses were carried out in MrBayes v. 3.2.7 (Ronquist et al. 2012) and included two runs that will stop automatically when the standard deviation falls below 0.01 or the generation number reaches 10⁶, with a sample frequency of 100 and a burn-in value of 25 %. Alignment statistics: 40 strains including the outgroup; 700 characters including alignment gaps analysed: 232 parsimony-informative, 394 singleton sites, 330 constant sites. The best-fit model identified for the entire alignment in IQ-TREE according to BIC scores was: HKY+F+G4. In the BI analysis, substitution models were sampled within the HKY space allowing a gamma distributed rate heterogeneity across sites and a proportion of invariant sites (rates = invgamma) to be estimated. The ML bootstrap support values and Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated around the branches. Tree was displayed with FigTree v. 1.4.4 (Rambaut 2018) and edited with Inkscape v. 1.1. All tips are labelled with database accession number, taxon name and collection number. Mycena morenoi is marked in bold and the holotypes are indicated. Scale bar on the tree indicates the expected number of changes per site. The tree was rooted to M. pura.

Mycena morenoi

Pachyphlodes phylogeny based on an ITS alignment. The alignment was done with ClustalW and checked in BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor v. 7.2.5 (12/11/2013) and then analysed at “Méthodes et Algorithmes pour la Bio informatique LIRMM”, phylogeny.fr. One click mode. Phylogenetic tree obtained from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. Numbers above branches are maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLbs), bootstrap support values (≥ 50 %) are given above the branches. Adobe Acrobat Pro software was used to edit the final tree. New species are in shaded boxes, Terminals contain GenBank accession number, and country/state of collection. T = denote sequences from holotypes. Amylascus fuscosporus and A. hallingii were included as an outgroup.

Pachyphlodes algarvensis

Pachyphlodes iberica

Pentagonomyces endophyticus

Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on a dataset of ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences conducted in MrBayes v. 3.2.7a (Ronquist et al. 2012) on XSEDE in the CIPRES science gateway (Miller et al. 2015). Taxa obtained from banana roots in Brazil are highlighted in bold. Ex-type isolates are marked a superscript “T”. Posterior probabilities (pp) ≥ 0.70 are shown at the branches. The tree is rooted with Microthecium quadrangulatum CBS 112763 and Microthecium tenuissimum CBS 112764

Phylogenetic tree derived from a Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis based on a combined dataset comprising LSU, tef1 and rpb1 sequences. The data was analysed using Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). The ML analysis was run with RAxML-VI-HPC2 v. 8.2.12 (Stamatakis 2014) on XSEDE in the CIPRES portal (www.phylo.org). Bayesian inference was calculated with MrBayes v. 3.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012), with 5 M generations and MrModeltest v. 2.2 (Nylander 2004) under the GTR+I+G model. Numbers at the significant nodes represent maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLB) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP), MLB/BPP. The new species proposed in the present study is highlighted and indicated in bold text.

Petchiella hymenopterorum

Bayesian inference tree obtained by phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU sequences conducted in MrBayes v. 3.2.7a on XSEDE in the CIPRES science gateway. Bayesian posterior probability values > 0.70 are indicated at the nodes. Strains with an ex-type status are indicated with a superscript ‘T’. The new species is shown in bold and colour face. Falciformispora tompkinsii (CBS 200.79) and Falciformispora senegalensis (CBS 198.79) were used as outgroups.

Polyschema endophytica

Phylogenetic tree of selected members of the family Roussoellaceae obtained from a maximum likelihood analysis of the combined multi-locus alignment (2666 characters, including gaps: ITS/LSU/rpb2/tub2). The maximum likelihood analysis was performed using RAxML-NG v. 1.1.0 (Kozlov et al. 2019) and the Bayesian inference was performed using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). The position of Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum is indicated in bold and marked by coloured block. Ex-type cultures are indicated with superscript T. Numbers above branches indicate maximum likelihood (MLB) support values ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.9, respectively (MLB/BPP). Neoroussoella bambusae and Neoroussoella sedimenticola were used as an outgroup. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site.

Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum

Puccinia clemensiorum Puccinia scleriae-rugosae

Phylogenetic tree of selected Puccinia species based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of the LSU region. The ML analysis was performed with the IQ-TREE web server (Trifinopoulos et al. 2016) based on the GTR substitution model with gamma-distribution rate variation (1 000 bootstrap replicates). Bootstrap support values greater than 70 % are shown at the nodes. Puccinia clemensiae (type specimen BRIP 56915a) was used as the outgroup. GenBank accession numbers are indicated (superscript LSU). Sequences obtained from Rust HUBB are indicated (superscript RH; Kaishian et al. 2024). Novel taxa are shown in coloured bold. Type specimens are marked by an asterisk (*). The alignment and phylogeny are publicly available in Zenodo (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14257461).

Phylogenetic tree of selected Puccinia species based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of the LSU region. The ML analysis was performed on the IQ-TREE web server (1000 bootstrap replicates; Trifinopoulos et al. 2016) and Bayesian analysis was performed on the Geneious Prime 2024 platform with MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Huselsenbeck & Ronquist 2001), both based on the GTR substitution model with gamma-distribution rate variation. Bootstrap support (bs) values > 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (pp) > 0.95 are given at the nodes (bs/pp). Austropuccinia psidii (specimen BRIP 57985) was used as the outgroup. GenBank accession numbers are indicated (superscript LSU). Novel taxon is shown in bold. Type specimens are marked by an asterisk (*).

Puccinia geethae

Puccinia marjaniae

Phylogenetic tree based on concatenated dataset of ITS and LSU sequences conducted using RAxML-HPC2 v. 8.1.11 and MrBayes v. 3.2.7a on XSEDE, both in the CIPRES science gateway (Stamatakis 2014; Ronquist et al. 2012). Only bootstrap support values (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (pp) values > 75 and 0.80 are indicated at the nodes, respectively. The branches that presented full statistical support (BS = 100 % and pp = 1) are thickened. The new species is indicated in bold face. Hyaloscypha gabretae PK-90 and Hyaloscypha gryndleri MGR-2 were used as outgroup.

Purimyces endophyticus

Best tree of the Maximum Likelihood analysis of selected sequences of Clavariales in IQ-TREE 1.16.12 (Nguyen et al. 2015) from a concatenated dataset of the 5.8S-28S-18S-RPB1-RPB2-TEF1-regions. Maximum Likelihood standard bootstrap support values (ML-Boot)/Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown on branches, ordered as ML-Boot/PP. Thickened branches received support in both analyses (ML-Boot ≥ 70 % and/or PP ≥ 0.95). Values are provided for nodes supported at least in one analysis. Genera are indicated by coloured blocks.

Ramariopsis coronata

A Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis of selected representatives of the genus Russula was performed using RAxML v. 8.2.10 (Stamatakis 2014) on the CIPRES Science Gateway v. 3.3 (Miller et al. 2010), based on an alignment of ITS nuclear rDNA sequences. Russula aurata (GenBank AY061659), R. romellii (GenBank AY061714), and R. sarnarii (GenBank KY284154) were used as the outgroup. Maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLB) support values of ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) values of ≥ 0.90 are indicated above the branches (MLB/BPP). The new species is highlighted in bold red font with a coloured box. The scale bar represents the estimated number of changes per site. Bayesian inference (PP) was performed using MrBayes v. 3.2.6, running for 1 M generations with the software estimating the evolutionary model (Ronquist et al. 2012). As the overall topology was identical in both ML and Bayesian analyses, only the ML tree is presented.

Russula anatolica

Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree constructed with the concatenated ITS, LSU and tub2 sequences using IQ-TREE v. 1.6.12 (Nguyen et al. 2015), performing an ultrafast bootstrap with 1000 replicates (Hoang et al. 2018). The species included in this analysis belong predominantly to clades 4 and 5 sensu Verkley et al. (2013). Sphaerulina musiva was used as outgroup. The ML bootstrap support values are indicated on the branches. The novel species is indicated in bold.

Septoria reinamora

Combined phylogeny of Talaromyces ignescens and its close relatives based on ITS, BenA, CaM, RPB2, ACT, Cct8, MCM7, RPB1 and Tsr1 (see Suppl. Table for GenBank accession numbers). Each gene region was aligned in MAFFT v. 7.526 (Katoh & Standley 2013). These were concatenated, and a Maximum likelihood tree was calculated in IQ-TREE v. 2.3.4 (Minh et al. 2013). Each gene region was treated as a separate partition, and the most appropriate nucleotide substitution model was selected using ModelFinder (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017) built into IQ-TREE. A bootstrap analysis was run with 1000 replicates. The new species is indicated by bold text inside a coloured box, ^T = ex-type strain.

Talaromyces ignescens

Maximum likelihood tree obtained with the combined tef1 and rpb2 sequences of phylogenetically related species of the clades Koningii, Rogersonii and Viridences performed in RAxML-HPC v. 8 (Stamatakis 2014) employing the GTR+G model with 1000 bootstrap re-samplings. Protocrea pallida strain CBS 299.78 was used as an outgroup. The new species is presented in bold font (^T = ex-type). GenBank accession numbers are given after each strain (tef1 = red and rpb2 = blue).

Trichoderma sexdentis

Phylogenetic tree of representatives of the orders Sclerococcales and Tuberculiformales obtained from a maximum likelihood analysis of the combined multi-locus alignment (2041 characters, including gaps: LSU, ITS, mtSSU). The maximum likelihood analysis was performed using RAxML-NG v. 1.1.0 (Kozlov et al. 2019) and the Bayesian inference was performed using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). The position of Tuberculiforma enigmatica is indicated in bold and highlighted with a coloured block. Numbers above branches indicate maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLB) support values > 50 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) > 0.9, respectively (MLB/BPP). Trichocoma paradoxa was used as an outgroup. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site.

Tuberculiforma enigmatica

Maximum Likelihood tree generated from the nrLSU sequences of Vishniacozyma and Tremella members. IQ-TREE v. 1 (IQ-TREE Web Server: Fast and accurate phylogenetic trees under maximum likelihood; univie.ac.at) (Trifinopoulos et al. 2016) was used to generate the phylogenetic tree. Parameters such as autodetecting the substitution model, ultrafast bootstrap analysis with 1000 bootstrap alignments, and Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH)-like approximate likelihood-ratio test (SHaLRT) were set for constructing the phylogram (Nguyen et al. 2015, Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017, Hoang et al. 2018). The new species and its voucher numbers are indicated in bold black letters.

Vishniacozyma indica