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. 2025 Oct;22(5):e70157.
doi: 10.1111/tct.70157.

Educational Interventions to Develop and Enhance Clinical Documentation Skills in Health Professional Students: A Systematic Review

Sarah Wilesmith  1 , Allison Mandrusiak  1 , Ray Lang  1 , Romany Martin  2 , Andric Lu  3 , Roma Forbes  1
Affiliations

Educational Interventions to Develop and Enhance Clinical Documentation Skills in Health Professional Students: A Systematic Review

Sarah Wilesmith et al. Clin Teach. 2025 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Clinical documentation is necessary for effective and safe healthcare practice. This paper systematically reviewed educational interventions aimed at developing entry-level health professional students' clinical documentation skills.

Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane) from January 2000 to May 2023 was performed, with additional forward and backward citation searching. Inclusion was limited to original manuscripts published in English from January 2000, reporting an experimental or quasi-experimental design and using objective performance-based measures. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI), with narrative synthesis of results due to the heterogeneity of outcome measures.

Results: Of 5313 records identified, 29 studies were eligible for inclusion. The health professions represented were medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, psychology and veterinary science. Teaching methodologies included the following: didactic instruction; provision of templates, guidelines and/or examples; instructor-led group discussion; individual or group instructor feedback; near-peer or peer feedback; self-evaluation; writing practice activities; worked examples; and response-to-stimulus writing activities (written, video or live standardised patient cases). Research quality was low in MERSQI domains of 'study design' and 'validity of evaluation instruments'.

Conclusion: Several training methods appear valuable in developing student skills in clinical documentation; however, high-quality evaluation of documentation training interventions is lacking. Future research is recommended to compare existing methods of documentation training and to evaluate training in underexplored healthcare disciplines.

Keywords: clinical documentation; education; health professional; students; training; written communication.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Process of study selection—PRISMA flow chart.
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