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. 2025 Aug;24(8):e70380.
doi: 10.1111/jocd.70380.

Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices of Skin-Lightening Products Among Female Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hanadi Qeyam  1 , Rula Al-Shami  2 , Ahmed Al-Rusan  2 , Mohannad Alnaimat  2
Affiliations

Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices of Skin-Lightening Products Among Female Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hanadi Qeyam et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: The use of skin-lightening products (SLPs) is a widespread phenomenon influenced by cultural, social, and aesthetic perceptions. However, the awareness of their potential dermatological and systemic risks remains inadequate, particularly among young women, including medical students. This study aims to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding SLPs among female medical students.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 305 female medical students at Jordanian universities. Data on participants' perception of skin color tone, knowledge of active ingredients, and the risks associated with the use of SLPs were collected and analyzed, in addition to exploring the prevalence and the pattern of the use of these products among them.

Results: Participants exhibited good knowledge regarding SLPs, although their perceptions of lighter skin tones varied. 40.7% of participants reported using SLPs, with the majority having Fitzpatrick skin type 3. Vitamin C (72.4%) and niacinamide (38.3%) were the most frequently used active ingredients. The main reasons for SLP use were to treat facial hyperpigmentation (35.5%) and for general skin tone lightening (30.6%). Side effects included acne (30.3%), skin redness (29.4%), and color changes (16.8%). While 34.7% of users were satisfied with the results, 37.1% reported fractional improvement, and 28.2% were disgruntled. Only 43.5% consulted a physician or dermatologist before use, with many depending on social media and friends.

Conclusion: The findings highlight a gap between awareness and practice, suggesting that social and cultural factors significantly influence behavior, potentially outweighing medical knowledge. This demonstrates the need for targeted educational interventions that address societal beauty norms, misinformation, and psychological dependence, as well as strengthening regulatory measures and promoting safe dermatological alternatives to reduce unsafe skin-lightening practices among future healthcare professionals.

Keywords: hydroquinone; skin tone; skin‐lightening products; vitamin C.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Active ingredients in the SLPs.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Side effects of SLPs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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