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. 2025 Jul 18:13:1550715.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1550715. eCollection 2025.

Perceived workplace stressors and professional experiences of clinical embryologists working in Italy and Spain: a pilot qualitative study

Giancarlo Astro  1 , Monica Gatti  2 , Mauro Costa  2 , Arianna Cosmelli  2 , Alessandra Alteri #  3 , Attilio Anastasi #  4   5 , Danilo Cimadomo  5   6 , Lucia De Santis  3   5 , Francesca Gioia Klinger  5   7 , Emanuele Licata  5   8 , Laura Sosa Fernandez  5   9 , Giovanna Tomasi  5   10 , Elena Vegni  11 , Irene Cuevas Sáiz  12 , Nicolas Prados  13   14   15 , Valerio Pisaturo  5   16
Affiliations

Perceived workplace stressors and professional experiences of clinical embryologists working in Italy and Spain: a pilot qualitative study

Giancarlo Astro et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: The well being of clinical embryologists remains a largely neglected aspect in the field of reproductive medicine, despite their critical role in the success of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) procedures. Embryologists manage complex tasks that require high precision and involve significant responsibilities, ranging from manual laboratory procedures to quality control and patient communication. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of clinical embryologists regarding their occupational well being and to examine their subjective experiences within MAR centers.

Methods: Qualitative interview study of 28 Italian and Spanish embryologists working at both public and private centers. Participants were recruited among the Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction, and Research (SIERR) and the Spanish Association for the Study of Reproductive Biology (ASEBIR) members. The interviews were video-recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify the main themes and sub-themes.

Results: The interviewees were concordant that excessive workload might affect their psychophysical well being, especially in view of a salary perceived as unsatisfactory with respect to the high responsibility and training involved by this job. In general, only public sector senior embryologists reported a manageable workload, proportionate to their salary. A key issue identified was the shortage of qualified embryologists, sometimes replaced with less specialized personnel. This might worsen a work environment often perceived challenging because of complex intra-team dynamics, management of interpersonal relationships, and unclear definition of the roles. A competitive and isolating atmosphere can slow down professional growth and limit positive networking. The participants emphasized the importance of patient counseling for their professional well being, advocating for a more intense interaction with the couples. Finally, an ergonomic laboratory environment, optimized equipment arrangement, access to natural light, and the inclusion of adjacent break rooms appear essential for reducing physical and mental fatigue and enhancing overall well being.

Discussion: This study highlights the need to address embryologists' workload, compensation, and professional well being to improve MAR performance and patient care.

Keywords: embryologist; medically assisted reproduction (MAR); occupational well-being; qualitative research; thematic analysis; workplace stressors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Flowchart detailing the design and methods of a study. It begins with choosing a qualitative analytic approach. Twenty-eight embryologists (eighteen from Italy, ten from Spain) were sampled. Sixteen public hospitals and twelve private centers across Italy and Spain were involved. Semi-structured interviews with seven open-ended questions were conducted, with each telematic interview lasting thirty minutes. Verbatim transcription and thematic analysis followed.
Figure 1
Roadmap and design of the study.
Diagram illustrating relationships between themes and sub-themes in a work environment context. Main themes: Lab Infrastructure, Managing Ethical Issues, Workload and Salary, Work Environment, Patient-embryologist Relationship, Professional Identity and Networking. Sub-themes: Competition and Isolation. Dashed lines indicate relationships between themes, solid lines link to sub-themes.
Figure 2
Dominant themes and subthemes extracted from textual analyses.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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