Protecting high-risk pilgrims from heat illness: a real-time Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring and early warning system for Hajj

Eman A Toraih^{1

2}, Mohamed Meselhy Eltoukhy³, Manal S Fawzy⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
² Department of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Interprofessional Research, College of Health Professions, Upstate Medical University, New York 13210, USA.
³ Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Information Technology at Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia.

Eman A Toraih et al. J Travel Med. 2026.

. 2026 Jan 7;33(1):taaf078.

doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaf078.

Eman A Toraih^{1

2}, Mohamed Meselhy Eltoukhy³, Manal S Fawzy⁴

¹ Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
² Department of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Interprofessional Research, College of Health Professions, Upstate Medical University, New York 13210, USA.
³ Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Information Technology at Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia.

No abstract available

Keywords: Heat-related illness; Internet of Things; health surveillance; mass gatherings; preventive medicine; real-time alerts; risk prediction.

Grants and funding