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Observational Study
. 2025 Aug 1;104(31):e43643.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000043643.

Effects of soleus push-up exercise on systemic immune-inflammatory index and blood lipid profile in coronary artery disease

Serkan Gökaslan  1 , Ömer Faruk Yilmaz  1 , Cem Korucu  1 , Necati Berk Günlük  2 , Aydin Balci  3
Affiliations
Observational Study

Effects of soleus push-up exercise on systemic immune-inflammatory index and blood lipid profile in coronary artery disease

Serkan Gökaslan et al. Medicine (Baltimore). .

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid accumulation in large artery walls. The systemic immune-inflammatory index is an emerging biomarker linked to cardiovascular disease progression. Soleus push-up exercises, targeting the soleus muscle (predominantly Type I fibers), may benefit patients with CAD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soleus push-up exercises on blood lipid profiles and systemic immune-inflammatory index in CAD patients. Forty-three CAD patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: 24 patients in the exercise group performed soleus push-up exercises, while 19 served as the control group with no exercise recommendations. Blood lipid profiles and systemic immune-inflammatory index were measured at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. At the 1-month follow-up, the exercise group showed significantly lower total cholesterol levels and systemic immune-inflammatory index scores compared to the control group (P < .005). At the 3-month follow-up, the exercise group had significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (P < .005), and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol levels (P < .005) than the control group. The exercise group also exhibited significantly lower systemic inflammatory index (SII) scores at 3 months (P < .001). Soleus push-up exercises may positively influence blood lipid profiles and systemic immune-inflammatory index in CAD patients, highlighting a potential noninvasive approach for managing cardiovascular risk factors.

Keywords: coronary artery disease; endothelial dysfunction; exercise intervention; soleus push-up exercise; systemic immune-inflammatory index.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Graphical abstract
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Graphical abstract illustrating the physiological effects of soleus push-up exercise on lipid profile and systemic inflammation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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