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. 2025 Aug 5;56(1):168.
doi: 10.1007/s12029-025-01295-9.

Trends and Disparities in Mortality Due to Gastric Malignancies the United States: A Nationwide Analysis from 1999 to 2020

Muhammad Ahmad  1 , Aizaz Ali  1 , Tahreem Mari  2 , Fariha Hasan  3 , Saeed Ali  4 , Mohamad Sharbatji  5 , Malik Waleed Zeb Khan  6 , Jibran Ikram  7
Affiliations

Trends and Disparities in Mortality Due to Gastric Malignancies the United States: A Nationwide Analysis from 1999 to 2020

Muhammad Ahmad et al. J Gastrointest Cancer. .

Abstract

Purpose: Gastric malignancies remain a significant public health concern and a major contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. This study aimed to analyze trends and disparities in gastric malignancy mortality across socio-demographic and regional factors in the United States (US) from 1999 to 2020.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using CDC WONDER data from 1999 to 2020 for adults aged ≥ 25 years. Data on demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity), urban-rural classification, and regional trends were extracted. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were calculated using the 2000 U.S. population as a reference, with trends analyzed using Joinpoint regression to determine annual percentage changes (APC) with statistical significance (P < 0.05).

Results: Between 1999 and 2020, 276,023 deaths due to gastric malignancies were recorded, with 59.3% occurring among males. The AAMR declined from 7.94 in 1999 to 4.66 in 2020, with an overall AAMR of 5.82. The 65 + age group had the highest AAMR (20.83), while the 25-44 age group had the lowest (0.74). Males consistently reported higher AAMRs (7.60) than females (4.85). NH Black individuals had the highest overall AAMR (10.82), while NH White individuals had the lowest (4.62). Urban areas had higher AAMRs (5.95) than rural areas (5.07).

Conclusion: Mortality from gastric malignancies has declined in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020; however, higher mortality rates in NH Black individuals, males, and urban dwellers highlight the need for targeted interventions and equitable access to prevention and treatment resources. Future research should focus on identifying actionable solutions to mitigate these gaps.

Keywords: Cancer mortality; Gastric cancer; Gastric neoplasm; Malignancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Trends in age-adjusted mortality rate due to gastric malignancies in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020, stratified by year and sex. *Indicates the statistically significant difference of annual percentage change (APC) from 0 at α = 0.05
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Trends in age-adjusted mortality rate due to gastric malignancies in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020, stratified by age. *Indicates the statistically significant difference of annual percentage change (APC) from 0 at α = 0.05
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Trends in age-adjusted mortality rate due to gastric malignancies in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020, stratified by race. *Indicates the statistically significant difference of annual percentage change (APC) from 0 at α = 0.05
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Map of the Unites states depicting state-wise variations in age-adjusted mortality rates due to gastric malignancies in the United States
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Trends in age-adjusted mortality rate due to gastric malignancies in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020, stratified by census regions. *Indicates the statistically significant difference of annual percentage change (APC) from 0 at α = 0.05
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Trends in age-adjusted mortality rate due to gastric malignancies in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020, stratified by urban-rural status. *Indicates the statistically significant difference of annual percentage change (APC) from 0 at α = 0.05
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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