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. 2025 Aug 5;15(8):e098366.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098366.

Exploring computer vision syndrome among primary school students in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Hasibul Hassain Emon  1   2 , Jakia Sultana Pingky  1   2 , Hriday Halder  1   2 , Santu Karmaker  1   2 , Musfiqur Rahman  2   3 , Fahim Muntasir Shishir  1   2 , Tonima Rahaman Tithi  2   4 , Suchana Akter  1   2 , Moinur Rahman  1   2 , Md Moyazzem Hossain  5
Affiliations

Exploring computer vision syndrome among primary school students in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Hasibul Hassain Emon et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Background: The use of different electronic devices is increasing among students due to rapid advancements in digital technology. The prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) has increased among school children after the COVID-19 pandemic. Different symptoms of CVS, such as eye strain, headache, blurred vision and visual discomfort, have become major public health problems. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CVS, identify its risk factors, evaluate parental awareness and examine the impact of COVID-19 on screen time among primary school children in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: Primary data were collected from the parents of 500 primary school students aged 5-14 years using a convenience sampling method through face-to-face interviews. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect demographic information, screen usage patterns, ambient conditions and details regarding the children's academic performance. The Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire scale was used to assess the prevalence and severity of CVS. Various statistical analyses were performed, including χ2 tests, Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression, to identify significant predictors of CVS (p<0.05).

Results: Findings revealed that 16.4% of children were affected by CVS, with key risk factors including age, school year, maternal education and daily screen time. Children with CVS commonly reported headaches and itchy eyes, which negatively impacted their academic performance. Surprisingly, 67.4% of parents were unaware of CVS, and the odds of developing CVS were 3.74 times higher among children using electronic devices for more than 4 hours daily.

Conclusions: The study explored the low prevalence of CVS among primary school students in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Several symptoms, like headaches and eye discomfort, were identified that impaired their academic performance. Additionally, many parents were largely unaware of CVS. Therefore, it is necessary to take proper strategies to be aware of the consequences and lessen the prevalence of CVS to save our future generation.

Keywords: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health; Internet; PUBLIC HEALTH.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. (A) The frequency and (B) the intensity of ocular and extraocular symptoms among the children (n=500).
Figure 2
Figure 2. (A) The frequency and (B) the intensity of ocular and extraocular symptoms among the participants having computer vision syndrome (n=82).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Change in screen time from the COVID-19 era to the post-COVID era.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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