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. 2025 Aug 5;25(1):982.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11394-4.

The relationship between circadian syndrome and its components with Helicobacter pylori infection risk: a cross-sectional study

Haiyan Yang  1 , Liuying He  1 , Xiao Zhao  1 , Ziqin Zeng  1 , Xiao She  1 , Nan Yang  2 , Qian Wang  2 , Ping Zhao  3
Affiliations

The relationship between circadian syndrome and its components with Helicobacter pylori infection risk: a cross-sectional study

Haiyan Yang et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Circadian syndrome (CircS) provides a more comprehensive reflection of metabolic health than metabolic syndrome (MetS), yet studies exploring its association with H.pylori infection are still limited. The study aimed to examine the association between CircS and its components, as well as H.pylori infection, among individuals undergoing routine health screenings.

Methods: We collected data from health examination population who underwent a ¹³C-urea breath test (¹³C-UBT) at a tertiary hospital in Northwest China from July 1, 2021, to June 30, 2023, for a cross-sectional study. The study population was divided into H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative groups based on H.pylori infection status, and a binary logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the relationship between H.pylori infection and CircS and its components.

Results: The study included 29,621 individuals, after adjusting for covariates, H.pylori infection showed a significant association with the prevalence of CircS (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08,1.27, P < 0.001), with the association being modified by smoking. Additionally, some of the components of CircS were associated with an increased risk of H.pylori infection, including central obesity, lowered high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated blood pressure (BP), and short sleep (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06,1.19; OR 1.14,95% CI 1.08,1.20; OR 1.10,95% CI 1.04,1.17; OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02,1.20). No significant association was found between depression, elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and elevated triglycerides (TG) and H.pylori infection.

Conclusions: This study identifies CircS as an independent risk factor for H.pylori infection, that smoking appears to modify this relationship, and that some of the CircS components are significantly and positively associated with H.pylori infection.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Circadian syndrome; Cross-section study; Dyslipidemia; Hypertension.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Trial Registration Number: 2025022). Given the retrospective design of the study and the use of anonymized data, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving human data were carried out within this framework. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sample flow chart. n, number
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Graph of stacked bars depicting the prevalence of different CircS components among all individuals diagnosed with CircS (n = 3119)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Logistic regression analysis to identify variables that influence the association between H.pylori infection and CircS OR, odds ratios; CI, confidence interval. *P < 0.05 Adjusted for age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, smoking and drinking status
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