Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Aug 3;11(4):478-486.
doi: 10.33546/bnj.3816. eCollection 2025.

Factors influencing the implementation of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) by nurses in Bhutan: A predictive correlational study

Sonam Pelden  1 , Autchareeya Patoomwan  1 , Tipawan Daramas  1   2
Affiliations

Factors influencing the implementation of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) by nurses in Bhutan: A predictive correlational study

Sonam Pelden et al. Belitung Nurs J. .

Abstract

Background: Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) is a critical strategy aimed at improving child health outcomes. In Bhutan, nurses play a frontline role in implementing IMNCI guidelines, yet factors influencing their implementation remain underexplored.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the predictors of IMNCI implementation among nurses in selected hospitals in Bhutan.

Methods: A correlational predictive design was used, involving 107 nurses from nine hospitals across Bhutan. Data on demographics, supplies/resources, supervision, attitude, workload, nurse management skills, and IMNCI implementation were collected between November and December 2023 through structured questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine factors predicting IMNCI implementation.

Results: Nurse management skill was the only significant predictor of IMNCI implementation (β = 0.321, p <0.001), while other variables such as supplies/resources, supervision, attitude, years of service, training, and workload showed no significant predictive value. The model explained 16.8% of the variance in IMNCI implementation.

Conclusion: Nurse management skills play a pivotal role in effective IMNCI implementation in Bhutanese hospitals. However, the modest explanatory power suggests other factors may influence implementation, warranting further research to enhance child healthcare delivery through strengthened nurse leadership and systemic support.

Keywords: Bhutan; child health; implementation; management of childhood illness; nurse management skills; nurses; regression analysis; surveys and questionnaires.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Conceptual framework for IMNCI implementation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Abebe, A. M., Kassaw, M. W., & Mengistu, F. A. (2019). Assessment of factors affecting the implementation of integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness for treatment of under-five children by health professionals in health care facilities in Yifat Cluster in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2019, 9474612. 10.1155/2019/9474612 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Afolalu, T. D. (2020). Factors influencing the implementation of integrated management of childhood illnesses in selected health centers. International Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 1(6), 1027.
    1. Aggarwal, A. K., Gupta, R., Das, D., Dhakar, A. S., Sharma, G., Anand, H., Kaur, K., Sheoran, K., Dalpath, S., & Khatri, J. (2018). An alternative approach for supportive supervision and skill measurements of health workers for integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses program in 10 districts of Haryana. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 43(1), 40–43. 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_402_16 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Akber Pradhan, N., Rizvi, N., Sami, N., & Gul, X. (2013). Insight into implementation of facility-based integrated management of childhood illness strategy in a rural district of Sindh, Pakistan. Global Health Action, 6(1), 20086. 10.3402/gha.v6i0.20086 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Al-Samarrai, M. A. M., & Jadoo, S. A. A. (2018). Impact of training on practical skills of Iraqi health providers towards integrated management of neonate and child health-a multicentre cross-sectional study. Journal of Ideas in Health, 1(1), 1–6.

LinkOut - more resources