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Review
. 2025 Aug 6;16(1):1478.
doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-03329-x.

Recent advances in calcium peroxide nanomedicines for breast cancer treatment

Sirui Hang  1   2 , Liu Xu  2 , Ruixue Ma  3 , Huiqin Xu  4 , Xiaojuan Zhang  5 , Chuanchuan He  6
Affiliations
Review

Recent advances in calcium peroxide nanomedicines for breast cancer treatment

Sirui Hang et al. Discov Oncol. .

Abstract

As a typical solid tumor, breast cancer is characterized by a tumor microenvironment featuring hypoxia, acidosis, and highly reductive conditions. These factors contribute to treatment resistance (e.g., chemoresistance) through various mechanisms, thereby diminishing therapeutic efficacy. Calcium peroxide (CaO2) can generate multiple bioactive molecules (metal ions, H2O2, O2, and OH-) in acidic or neutral environment, making it a promising biomaterial for cancer therapy. Recently, breast cancer has been extensively targeted using CaO2 nanoparticles in both cellular and murine models. In this review, we first provide a summary of strategies employing CaO2 nanomedicine-based breast cancer therapies, then discuss the obstacles and development directions of CaO2 application in breast cancer therapy.

Keywords: Breast cancer; CaO2; Hypoxia; ROS.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent to publish: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The versatility of CaO2 based on chemical reactions
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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