Current Practices in Gestational Diabetes

Abstract

Despite recognized maternal and fetal risks, gaps remain in defining optimal glycemic targets, pharmacotherapy thresholds, and implementing first-line gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatments. Medical nutrition therapy and 150 minutes of weekly moderate exercise are essential but face adherence challenges due to time constraints and psychological stress. Individualized support and structured guidance can enhance success. Insulin is the preferred pharmacologic option for its efficacy and safety, yet treatment must consider individual pathophysiology. With rising GDM prevalence, novel therapeutic strategies are critical to improving maternal health and ensuring the long-term well-being of affected children.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes; Incretins; Insulin; Medical nutrition therapy; Metformin; Pharmacologic treatment.