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. 2025 Aug 6;192(9):565.
doi: 10.1007/s00604-025-07409-1.

Fabrication of high-performance NH3 flexible sensor based on PANI/SnO2 hollow nanosphere composite

Yiming Han #  1 , Shuai Hao #  1 , Lihong Liu  2 , Bo Li  2 , Yannan Mu  2 , Ming Yang  3 , Jie Zhang  4
Affiliations

Fabrication of high-performance NH3 flexible sensor based on PANI/SnO2 hollow nanosphere composite

Yiming Han et al. Mikrochim Acta. .

Abstract

The development of NH3 sensors with efficient room temperature detection is crucial for Internet of Things-driven smart agriculture. Herein, PANI/SnO2 hollow nanospheres composites were in situ synthesized on flexible interdigital electrodes (PET-IDE). Within the PANI/SnO2 composites microstructure, the SnO2 hollow spheres can provide effective support to the PANI film, minimize agglomeration, and enhance the functional performance of PANI. Furthermore, the extensive interface between the SnO2 hollow spheres and the PANI film promotes the creation of p-n heterojunction, thereby significantly improving the NH3 gas-sensing performance. The 4PS-based sensor (the PANI/SnO2 composite obtained at 0.04 mol·L-1 APS/HCl solutions) exhibited a high response (9.63) toward 100 ppm NH3, along with excellent selectivity and stability. Correlations between microstructure and NH3 gas-sensing behavior were systematically investigated, offering theoretical insights for sensor optimization.

Keywords: Gas sensor; Hollow nanosphere; NH3; PANI; SnO2.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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