Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Aug 6;192(9):565.
doi: 10.1007/s00604-025-07409-1.

Fabrication of high-performance NH3 flexible sensor based on PANI/SnO2 hollow nanosphere composite

Yiming Han #  1 , Shuai Hao #  1 , Lihong Liu  2 , Bo Li  2 , Yannan Mu  2 , Ming Yang  3 , Jie Zhang  4
Affiliations

Fabrication of high-performance NH3 flexible sensor based on PANI/SnO2 hollow nanosphere composite

Yiming Han et al. Mikrochim Acta. .

Abstract

The development of NH3 sensors with efficient room temperature detection is crucial for Internet of Things-driven smart agriculture. Herein, PANI/SnO2 hollow nanospheres composites were in situ synthesized on flexible interdigital electrodes (PET-IDE). Within the PANI/SnO2 composites microstructure, the SnO2 hollow spheres can provide effective support to the PANI film, minimize agglomeration, and enhance the functional performance of PANI. Furthermore, the extensive interface between the SnO2 hollow spheres and the PANI film promotes the creation of p-n heterojunction, thereby significantly improving the NH3 gas-sensing performance. The 4PS-based sensor (the PANI/SnO2 composite obtained at 0.04 mol·L-1 APS/HCl solutions) exhibited a high response (9.63) toward 100 ppm NH3, along with excellent selectivity and stability. Correlations between microstructure and NH3 gas-sensing behavior were systematically investigated, offering theoretical insights for sensor optimization.

Keywords: Gas sensor; Hollow nanosphere; NH3; PANI; SnO2.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

References

    1. Fu X, Cheng W, Wan G, Yang Z, Tee BCK (2024) Toward an AI era: advances in electronic skins. Chem Rev 124(17):9899–9948. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00049 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Yu S, Liu X, Tan Q, Wang Z, Zhang B (2024) Sensors, systems and algorithms of 3D reconstruction for smart agriculture and precision farming: a review. Comput Electron Agric 224:109229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2024.109229 - DOI
    1. Lawaniya SD, Kumar S, Yu Y, Rubahn HG, Mishra YK, Awasthi K (2023) Functional nanomaterials in flexible gas sensors: recent progress and future prospects. Mater Today Chem 29:101428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101428 - DOI
    1. Rashid MI, Shah GA, Iqbal Z, Shahzad K, Ali N, Rehan M, Alhakamy N-AA, Klemeš JJ (2023) Nanobiochar reduces ammonia emission, increases nutrient mineralization from vermicompost, and improves maizeproductivity. J Clean Prod 414:137694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137694 - DOI
    1. Siqueira Castro J, Calijuri ML, Assemany PP, Cecon PR, de Assis IR, Ribeiro VJ (2017) Microalgae biofilm in soil: greenhouse gas emissions, ammonia volatilization and plant growth. Sci Total Environ 574:1640–1648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.205 - DOI

LinkOut - more resources