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. 2025 Jul 23:13:1530988.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1530988. eCollection 2025.

The relationship between physical activity, sleep, and negative emotions in physically weak college students

Yunchen Meng  1 , Yang Wang  1 , Qiushi Liu  2 , Chao Liang  3 , Sanjun Yang  1
Affiliations

The relationship between physical activity, sleep, and negative emotions in physically weak college students

Yunchen Meng et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Negative emotions among college students, particularly those who are physically weak, have raised concerns due to their impact on mental health and, in some cases, the development of suicidal tendencies. Limited physical activity exacerbates these mental health risks. It is essential to explore the relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, and negative emotions in this population.

Objective: To examine the relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, and negative emotions among physically weak college students.

Methods: A stratified sampling approach was employed to select 1,248 first- and second-year students from a university in Beijing. Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), sleep quality was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and depression, anxiety, and stress were measured via the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associations among these variables. Additionally, a mediation effect model was utilized to examine the mediating role of sleep quality between physical activity and negative emotions.

Results: The incidence of negative emotions was significantly higher among physically weak college students compared to their peers (p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression results indicated that increased physical activity intensity was associated with a lower occurrence of negative emotions (OR = 0.514, 95% CI: 0.367-0.719). Linear regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between higher physical activity intensity and better sleep quality (a = -0.185, p < 0.01). The mediation effect analysis revealed that sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between physical activity and negative emotions, with total, direct, and indirect effects of -0.67, -0.60, and -0.097, respectively. Sleep quality accounted for 14.6% of the total effect in this relationship.

Conclusion: The incidence of negative emotions among physically weak college students is significantly higher than among their peers and increased physical activity intensity is significantly associated with a decrease in negative emotions. Sleep quality plays a crucial mediating role in this relationship. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing targeted mental health interventions for physically weak college students and highlight the importance of sleep quality in improving their mental health.

Keywords: anxiety; depression; physical activity; physically weak college students; sleep quality; stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The pathway of sleep quality’s influence on the relationship between physical activity and negative emotions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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