Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jul 23:16:1634090.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1634090. eCollection 2025.

'Immune reset plus': the case for combining immunotherapies to maintain self-tolerance in autoimmune diseases

Fabrina Gaspal  1 , Parth Narendran  1 , Sky T H Ng  1 , Michael J Price  1 , David C Wraith  1
Affiliations

'Immune reset plus': the case for combining immunotherapies to maintain self-tolerance in autoimmune diseases

Fabrina Gaspal et al. Front Immunol. .
No abstract available

Keywords: B cell; antigen-specific immunotherapy; dendritic cell; immune reset; immunological tolerance.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Immune reset plus: this figure illustrates the advantage of combining Immune Reset by B cell depletion with antigen-specific immunotherapy. ASIT with antigens delivered to tolerogenic APC can ‘switch off’ autoreactive T cells while promoting differentiation of antigen-specific regulatory T cell populations. Most importantly, ASIT approaches have been shown to function in B cell depleted animal models. Tolerance induction by ASIT depends on antigen presentation by steady state dendritic cells in lymphoid organs or by APC in the tolerogenic environment of the liver. Immune reset plus ASIT will enable disease to be controlled without continued B cell depletion. This will allow the treated individual to control infections and respond to vaccine.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Junt T, Calzascia T, Traggiai E, da Costa AN, Gergely P, Schett G, et al. Defining immune reset: achieving sustained remission in autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Immunol. (2025) 25:528–41. doi: 10.1038/s41577-025-01141-w, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Barrett JH, Brennan P, Fiddler M, Silman AJ. Does rheumatoid arthritis remit during pregnancy and relapse postpartum? Results from a nationwide study in the United Kingdom performed prospectively from late pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum. (1999) 42:1219–27. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(199906)42:6<1219::AID-ANR19>3.0.CO;2-G, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Confavreux C, Hutchinson M, Hours MM, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Moreau T. Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Group. N Engl J Med. (1998) 339:285–91. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199807303390501, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Vukusic S, Hutchinson M, Hours M, Moreau T, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Adeleine P, et al. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis (the PRIMS study): clinical predictors of post-partum relapse. Brain. (2004) 127:1353–60. doi: 10.1093/brain/awh152, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Briggs SE, Gozzard P, Talbot DC. The association between Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and small cell lung carcinoma. Immunotargets Ther. (2013) 2:31–7. doi: 10.2147/ITT.S31971, PMID: - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources