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. 2025 Aug 7;15(1):28990.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14276-6.

Straightlining prevalence across domains of social media use and impact on internal consistency and mental health associations in the LifeOnSoMe study

Jens Christoffer Skogen  1   2   3 , Amanda Iselin Olesen Andersen  4 , Gunnhild Johnsen Hjetland  4   5 , Leif Edvard Aarø  4 , Ian Colman  6   7 , Børge Sivertsen  4   8 , Turi Reiten Finserås  4
Affiliations

Straightlining prevalence across domains of social media use and impact on internal consistency and mental health associations in the LifeOnSoMe study

Jens Christoffer Skogen et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Straightlining (uniform responses across items), poses a risk in surveys. Among adolescents, previous studies have investigated the prevalence and impact of straightlining in shorter questionnaires within larger surveys. A typical finding is that straightlining is more common among younger respondents, and particularly among boys. A better understanding of straightlining is important for improving data quality. The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of straightlining among adolescents filling out a survey covering different aspects of social media use across 64 items. Additionally, it seeks to assess the impact of straightlining on internal consistency and the associations between six domains of social media use and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Data from the «LifeOnSoMe»-study (N = 3,285), collected from adolescents (aged 16+) in Bergen, Norway. Descriptive and inferential statistics. In total, 5.4% of participants were straightliners, (8.6% of the boys vs. 2.9% of the girls (p < 0.001)). There were no differences in age between straightliners and the remainder of the sample. Overall, the prevalence and impact of straightlining was limited in the present sample. However, there were large discrepancies in terms of both internal consistency, correlations between domains of social media use, and associations with symptoms of anxiety and depression between straightliners and the remainder of the sample. Straightlining behavior had minimal effects on this sample's analytical epidemiological conclusions. While boys were more prone to straightlining than girls, overall prevalence was low. However, significant discrepancies between straightliners and other respondents suggest potential risks in samples with higher straightlining prevalence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The data collection was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee (REK) in Norway (reference number REK #65611) and was conducted in compliance with the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration. All participants were provided with information about the study’s overall objectives, both digitally and through communication with their teacher, and they provided electronic informed consent when participating. It was also made clear that participants had the option to withdraw from the study at any time. Additionally, all individuals invited to participate were at least 16 years old, granting them the legal capacity to independently provide informed consent; however, parents or guardians were also informed about the study. Competing interests: Dr. Colman has received consulting fees from Meta Inc.None of the other authors have any competing interests to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Heatmap of response patterns for straightliners and the remainder of the sample across 64 social media variables. Zero indicates no deviation from each participant’s typical response option (‘mode’) across variables. Darker colours indicate higher proportion, and blank areas represent no observations.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Correlation plots of social media domains. Sample without straigthliners compared with straightliners only. Darker blue colors indicate stronger correlation, and darker red colors indicate larger differences between sample without straightliners and straightliners only.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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