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. 2025 Mar 17:5:1496951.
doi: 10.3389/fruro.2025.1496951. eCollection 2025.

Prostate cancer diagnosis and management: current practices in Africa a consultant-based survey

Marcella Derboise Christelle Biyouma  1   2 , Kaleab Habtemichael Gebreselassie  1   3 , Saleh Abdelkerim Nedjim  1   4 , Ouima Justin Dieudonné Ziba  1   5 , Axel Stéphane Nwaha Makon  2   6 , Anteneh Tadesse Kifle  1   7 , Taofiq Olayinka Mohammed  8 , Ayun Kotokai Cassell 3rd  9 , Bencherki Youssef  1   10 , Sissoko Idrissa  11 , Orgeness Jasper Mbwambo  1   12 , Mahamat Ali Mahamat  13 , Rachid Aboutaieb  14 , Tagang Titus Ngwa-Ebogo  15 , Alain Khassim Ndoye  16 , Emiola Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa  17 , Fru Fobuzshi Angwafo 3rd  6   15
Affiliations

Prostate cancer diagnosis and management: current practices in Africa a consultant-based survey

Marcella Derboise Christelle Biyouma et al. Front Urol. .

Abstract

Introduction: In Africa, prostate cancer poses significant diagnostic and treatment challenges due to limited access to diagnostic tools and healthcare resources. This survey aimed to assess current prostate biopsy practices, patient classification methods, and available therapeutic means among African urologists to propose strategies for improved screening, diagnosis, and management.

Methods: A web-based self-administered questionnaire was distributed to urologists in 58 African centres, focusing on biopsy practices, cancer diagnosis, management, and treatment protocols. After pretesting and validation, data collection spanned six weeks, followed by duplicate elimination and arithmetical analysis, with results expressed in absolute, mean, or percentage values.

Results: Feedback was received from 58 centres across diverse African regions, including Central, Southern, West, East Africa, and Madagascar, comprising general, private, and university hospitals. Prostate cancer emerged as the most frequent urological cancer in all regions studied. The assay for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was available in nearly all centres. Biopsy techniques varied, with ultrasound-guided biopsies being the most common (30 centres), followed by digital-guided (20 centres) and MRI-guided biopsies (5 centres). One centre lacked the expertise to perform biopsies. Radiological workup availability was high, with CT available in 56 centres, MRI in 54, PET scans in 14, and scintigraphy in 29. Treatment capabilities varied, with 53.4% of centres able to perform radical prostatectomies, 86.2% offering radiotherapy, and 94.8% providing medical castration. Among the centres, 56 performed fewer than 5 radical prostatectomies per month, while only 2 centres performed between 5 and 10 per month.

Conclusion: It is important to standardise prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment protocols across Africa while improving access to advanced diagnostic technologies and treatment facilities. Implementing these changes could enhance early detection, improve treatment outcomes, and reduce the burden of prostate cancer in Africa.

Keywords: Africa; prostate; prostate cancer; prostate-specific antigen; urologist.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Regions and 28 countries represented in the survey (marked in blue).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Centres distribution according to Prostate Biopsy Technique.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Availability of Radiological Workup in Surveyed African Centres.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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