Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jul 24:13:1566813.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1566813. eCollection 2025.

Virtual reality-based rehabilitation experience of stroke survivors: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies

Jingyi Cai  1   2 , Beixue Liu  1   3 , Mingyang Song  1   3 , Qiuyi Wang  1   3 , Lanshu Zhou  1   3
Affiliations

Virtual reality-based rehabilitation experience of stroke survivors: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies

Jingyi Cai et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Aim: To examine and synthesize qualitative data regarding the experiences of stroke survivors who underwent rehabilitation using virtual reality (VR).

Methods: We critically appraised the included study using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment Checklist for Qualitative Research. Relevant qualitative studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database from inception to December 2024. Two researchers independently extracted and analysed the data and integrated the results using a pooled meta-aggregation approach.

Results: Sixteen studies (n = 145 stroke survivors) were included. A total of 5 meta-themes, 12 categories, and 38 research results were extracted. The meta-themes included perceived benefits, facilitating factors of using VR, and hindering factors of using VR, changes in the physical and mental health following VR rehabilitation, and suggestions and expectations for VR rehabilitation.

Conclusion: Stroke survivors perceived the benefits and barriers of using VR-based rehabilitation (VRBR); therefore, it is a complex perceptual change for them. They require emotional support from family and peers, professional support from healthcare professionals, and financial support from the government. Moreover, rehabilitation motivation is an important factor that influences utilization. Updating VRBR content and functionality is essential to improve user experience.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42024504700, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/search.

Keywords: experience; meta-synthesis; rehabilitation; stroke; virtual reality.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of literature screening.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Generalization and integration of research results.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Collaborators, G.B.D.S . Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet Neurol. (2021) 20:795–820. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00252-0 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, Martins S, Sacco RL, Hacke W, et al. World stroke organization (WSO): global stroke fact sheet 2022. Int J Stroke. (2022) 17:18–29. doi: 10.1177/17474930211065917, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Liu K, Yin M, Cai Z. Research and application advances in rehabilitation assessment of stroke. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. (2022) 23:625–41. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B2100999, PMID: - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhao P, Sun H. Evaluating the rehabilitation needs of stroke patients in China: a trend analysis from 1990 to 2019. Brain Behav. (2025) 15:e70389. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70389, PMID: - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Huang J, Ji JR, Liang C, Zhang YZ, Sun HC, Yan YH, et al. Effects of physical therapy-based rehabilitation on recovery of upper limb motor function after stroke in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Palliat Med. (2022) 11:521–31. doi: 10.21037/apm-21-3710, PMID: - DOI - PubMed

Publication types