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. 2025 Aug 9:10105395251360136.
doi: 10.1177/10105395251360136. Online ahead of print.

Preparing for Future Pandemics: Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Variant in a High-Risk Hospital Environment-A Case Study From Vietnam

Hien Thi Nguyen  1   2 , Luong Huy Duong  3 , Thai Quang Pham  1   4 , Than Huu Dao  5 , Kieu-Anh Thi Nguyen  5 , Huyen Thi Nguyen  1   2 , Nghia Duy Ngu  1 , Duong Nhu Tran  6 , Kim-Nhung Thi Le  7 , Tung Son Trinh  8 , H Rogier van Doorn  8 , Florian Vogt  2   9 , Khanh Cong Nguyen  1   10
Affiliations

Preparing for Future Pandemics: Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Variant in a High-Risk Hospital Environment-A Case Study From Vietnam

Hien Thi Nguyen et al. Asia Pac J Public Health. .

Abstract

On 30 September 2021, Viet Duc University Hospital in Northern Vietnam, reported a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta outbreak, leading to an 18-day lockdown and repeated testing of all on-site individuals. At this time, SARS-CoV-2 was not yet circulating at scale among the general public and COVID-19 vaccination status varied among staff, patients, and caregivers. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE), attack rates (ARs), and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) to identify factors associated with infection among infection-naïve patients, caregivers, and staff using multivariable regression analysis. Among 630 at-risk individuals, there were 131 (21%) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 cases including three deaths. The overall VE was 78% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59-88; P < .05). Hospital staff (aRR 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09-0.42) and people who were fully vaccinated (aRR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28-0.95) had a significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (P < .05). Our analysis shows the importance of being fully vaccinated in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospital settings.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; health care-associated infections; hospital; nosocomial infections; vaccine effectiveness.

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