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Review
. 2025 Aug 9;17(1):322.
doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01854-x.

Continuous glucose monitoring system in diabetes in pregnancy: a narrative review

Melanie Rodacki  1 , Marcio Krakauer  2 , Denise Reis Franco  3 , Patricia Medici Dualib  4 , Mauro Sancovski  5 , Lenita Zajdenverg  6
Affiliations
Review

Continuous glucose monitoring system in diabetes in pregnancy: a narrative review

Melanie Rodacki et al. Diabetol Metab Syndr. .

Abstract

Diabetes in pregnancy increases maternal and fetal risks as well as the burden of chronic complications and comorbidities associated with this condition. In addition to HbA1c and blood glucose monitoring (BGM), continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGM) provide a complementary tool that enables comprehensive glycemic assessments and improves glycemic control. This review highlights the clinical value of CGM in the management of diabetes in pregnancy, encompassing type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but also early GDM. CGM derived metrics, such as time in range (TIR) and mean glucose levels, are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, emphasizing the importance of optimizing glycemic control. Overall, CGM is a valuable tool for detecting glucose fluctuations in pregnancies complicated by all forms of diabetes.

Keywords: Accuracy; Continuous glucose monitoring; Diabetes; Gestational diabetes; Pregnancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Melanie Rodacki has received support from Abbott, NovoNordisk, Sanofi.Marcio Krakauer has received support from Abbott, Novo Nordisk, Lilly, Astra, Roche, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, EMS, Servier.Denise Reis Franco has received support from Abbott, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Medtronic.Patricia Medici Dualib declares no conflicts of interest.Mauro Sancovski declares no conflicts of interest.Lenita Zajdenverg has been consultant for Novonordisk and EMS; and speaker for NovoNordisk and Chiesi.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Step-wise approach to evaluate glucose data for Diabetes Management During Pregnancy (Adapted from Battarbee et al. [72])
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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