Clinical research and trials in echocardiography: rationale, requirements and future opportunities

Abstract

Echocardiography has established itself as a vital component in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease, evolving alongside advancements in imaging technology and clinical research methodologies. Since its inception in the 1950s, echocardiographic research has progressed from small-scale, observational studies to large cohort investigations and randomised controlled trials. This evolution has paralleled advancements in disease diagnosis and facilitated the use of echocardiography as an important player in other disciplines such as cardio-oncology and interventional cardiology. Echocardiography research has made great progress, with new developments rapidly shaping the field. This continued innovation underscores the singular focus of improving patient care. As digital and technological advancements accelerate, the potential for research in echocardiography to enhance diagnostic precision, guide personalised treatment, and improve outcomes on a global scale is greater than ever. Collaborative efforts and sustained investment in research will be key to realising these goals and advancing the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. This review explores the historical and ongoing contributions of echocardiography research to better understanding cardiac disease, emphasising the pivotal roles of early feasibility studies and large-scale trials in refining techniques and establishing clinical utility. Key infrastructure requirements for advancing echocardiography research are identified, including workforce development, academic and healthcare collaborations, clinical trial support, and access to big data and computational expertise. Emerging technologies, such as advanced imaging techniques, handheld devices, and AI-driven analytics, are highlighted as transformative tools poised to address current limitations in clinical practice.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Cardiovascular disease; Clinical research; Clinical trials; Echocardiography.

Fig. 1

Key developments and design of transthoracic echocardiography research through time

Fig. 2

Timeline of echocardiography advancements in the identification and diagnosis of valvular heart disease

Fig. 3

Timeline of echocardiography advancements in the identification and diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis

Fig. 4

Timeline of echocardiography advancements in the identification and diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Fig. 5

Six suggested infrastructure requirements to support echocardiography research

Fig. 6

The British Society of Echocardiography established centres in the Echocardiography Research Network

Fig. 7

Key future opportunities in the field of echocardiography research and practice